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Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids02:26

Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids

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Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
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Speed of Sound in Solids and Liquids00:51

Speed of Sound in Solids and Liquids

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Most solids and liquids are incompressible—their densities remain constant throughout. In the presence of an external force, the molecules tend to restore to their original positions, which is only possible because the constituents interact. The interactions help the constituents pass on information about external disturbances, like sound waves. Therefore, sound waves travel faster through these media. Compared to solids, the constituents in a liquid are less tightly bound. Thus, sound...
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Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Monitoring Protein Adsorption with Solid-state Nanopores
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固体表面への液相吸着に対する圧力の影響

Maria Incoronata Sciancalepore1, Stuart M Clarke2, Philip J Camp1

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids
|February 2, 2026
PubMed
まとめ

高圧は液相溶液からの溶質吸着に大きな影響を与える。溶液の混合体積は、吸着が圧力とともに増加するか減少するかを決定し、潤滑などの高圧用途において重要である。

キーワード:
高圧吸着液相吸着混合体積表面科学物理化学熱力学

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In situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigation of Gas/Solid Interaction: Water-Enhanced CO2 Adsorption in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework
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科学分野:

  • 物理化学
  • 表面科学
  • 熱力学

背景:

  • 気体吸着に対する圧力の影響はよく理解されているが、高圧液相溶液吸着は依然として不明瞭である。
  • 高圧吸着は、潤滑などの用途における界面活性分子にとって重要であり、性能に影響を与える。

研究 の 目的:

  • 高圧が液相溶液からの溶質吸着に及ぼす熱力学的影響を探求すること。
  • 溶液特性、特に混合体積が圧力下での吸着挙動にどのように影響するかを決定すること。

主な方法:

  • 実験データに着想を得た液相溶液熱力学の理論的探求。
  • 溶質モル分率の関数としての表面被覆率を予測するためのラングミュア型モデルの開発。
  • 熱力学的関係を説明し、圧力効果を推定するための分子動力学シミュレーション。

主要な成果:

  • 混合体積とその溶質モル分率に関する勾配が、圧力依存性吸着に強く影響する。
  • 正（負）の混合体積を持つ希薄溶液は、圧力上昇とともに吸着が増加（減少）する。
  • ギガパスカルの圧力は、吸着定数を1桁変化させることがある。

結論:

  • 溶液熱力学、特に混合体積は、高圧吸着を理解するための鍵である。
  • 本研究結果は、高圧システムにおける吸着を予測および制御するための枠組みを提供する。
  • 本研究は、エンジンやタービンなどの過酷な環境における材料性能に影響を与える。