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ML支援による嗅覚疫学調査:都市化する中国、塩城市の人口ベース研究
Yunpeng Zang1, Xiang Gao2, Wenqi Chen3
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Affiliated Hospital Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China.
The Laryngoscope
|February 2, 2026
まとめ
頭部外傷と慢性副鼻腔炎は、都市化する中国における嗅覚障害(OD)の主な原因である。都市生活と加齢もODに大きく寄与しており、標的を絞った介入と政策改革の必要性を強調している。
科学分野:
- 環境衛生
- 耳鼻咽喉科
- 疫学
背景:
- 中国の都市化は大気汚染の増加と関連しており、嗅覚障害(OD)の潜在的な危険因子である。
- 中国における都市化、大気汚染、ODの関連を調査する人口ベース研究は乏しい。
- 多様な集団におけるODの有病率と危険因子を理解することは、公衆衛生イニシアチブにとって極めて重要である。
研究 の 目的:
- 都市化関連因子と中国人口における嗅覚障害との関連を調査する。
- 主要な危険因子と嗅覚障害の明確な表現型を特定する。
- 加齢と環境曝露が嗅覚能力に及ぼす影響を分析する。
主な方法:
- 都市化が進む中国塩城市の1500人を対象とした横断研究(2023-2025年)。
- Sniffin' Sticksテストを用いて嗅覚機能を評価した。
- 機械学習アルゴリズム(XGBoost、k-meansクラスタリング)を用いて危険因子と表現型の分析を行った。
主要な成果:
- 頭部外傷(OR=163.04)および慢性副鼻腔炎(CRS、OR=161.39)がOD(p<0.001)の主要な危険因子として特定された。
- 農村部居住は都市部居住と比較して有意にODリスクが低かった(OR=0.011、p<0.0001)。
- ODのサブタイプとして、副鼻腔炎関連、加齢関連、神経疾患関連、小児特有の軽度機能障害の4つが特定された。嗅覚能力は63歳以降有意に低下し、小児期から高齢期にかけて無嗅症は4倍になった。
結論:
- 頭部外傷と副鼻腔炎は、都市化する中国におけるODの最も重要な危険因子である。
- 都市部居住(大気汚染の代理として)と加齢は、嗅覚障害の著しい要因である。
- ODの表現型層別化は、標的を絞った介入および環境的および臨床的管理戦略の策定に不可欠である。
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