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世界の作物別灌漑エネルギー需要
Davide Danilo Chiarelli1, Paolo D'Odorico2, Aldo Fiori3
1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy. davidedanilo.chiarelli@polimi.it.
Nature communications
|February 2, 2026
まとめ
世界の灌漑拡大は、農業生産性とエネルギー需要に大きな影響を与えます。本研究では、持続可能な食料生産計画に不可欠な、世界中の作物別灌漑エネルギー消費量を定量化しています。
科学分野:
- 農業工学
- 水文学
- エネルギーシステム
背景:
- 世界の農業拡大に伴い灌漑が増加していますが、そのエネルギー需要は十分に理解されていません。
- 作物別のエネルギー使用量を定量化することは、持続可能な農業集約化にとって不可欠です。
研究 の 目的:
- 作物別の灌漑エネルギー消費量を推定するための世界的な枠組みを開発すること。
- 特に雨水依存地域における灌漑拡大がエネルギー需要に与える影響を評価すること。
主な方法:
- エネルギー消費量を推定するために、空間的に分散された物理ベースの枠組みを使用しました。
- 6つの主要作物について、10 km解像度のグローバルデータを分析しました。
- 灌漑システムの種類、揚水深度、気候の乾燥度を考慮しました。
主要な成果:
- 現在の世界の灌漑エネルギー消費量は、年間約1.38 × 10⁹ギガジュールです。
- 表面灌漑システムが総エネルギー使用量の4分の3を占めています。
- 雨水依存地域での灌漑拡大は、主にグローバルサウスにおいて、エネルギー消費量を17%増加させる可能性があります。
結論:
- 灌漑エネルギー需要は、システムの種類、揚水深度、気候によって影響を受けます。
- これらのエネルギーコストを理解することは、生産性の向上と持続可能な食料生産を結びつけるために不可欠です。
- 本研究は、気候変動に強い農業のための統合計画を支援します。
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