腸内細菌叢の常在菌は種特異的な神経活性化合物を産生する
Anna M Tingler1, Charulekha Packirisamy1, Alyssa Gutierrez1
1Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
iScience
|February 3, 2026
まとめ
腸内細菌は栄養素からγ-アミノ酪酸(GABA)やトリプタミンなどの多様な神経活性化合物を産生する。これは腸内細菌叢を浮き彫りにする
科学分野:
- 微生物学、神経科学、メタボロミクス
背景:
- 神経活性分子の産生における腸内細菌叢の役割は完全には理解されていない。常在菌は様々な代謝物を通じて宿主の生理機能に影響を与えることが知られている。
研究 の 目的:
- 8つの一般的な腸内細菌種によって産生される特定の神経活性代謝物を同定すること。これらの細菌によるアミノ酸消費と神経化学物質産生を調査すること。
主な方法:
- 標的および非標的液体クロマトグラフィー-タンデム質量分析(LC-MS/MS)を利用した。8つの常在腸内細菌種(*ラクトコッカス・ラクティス*、*エンテロコッカス・フェカリス*、*ブラウティア・プロデュクタ*、*クロストリジウム・シンビオサム*、*ストレプトコッカス・サーモフィラス*、*プレボテラ・コプリ*、*バクテロイデス・フラジリス*、*エシェリキア・コリ*・ニッスル)の代謝物プロファイルを分析した。アミノ酸消費と代謝物産生を定量化した。
主要な成果:
- 細菌はグルタミン、グルタミン酸、トリプトファンを差別的に消費し、異なる神経活性代謝物を産生した。*エシェリキア・コリ*と*ブラウティア・プロデュクタ*は高レベルのγ-アミノ酪酸(GABA)を産生した。*プレボテラ・コプリ*は特異的にトリプタミンを産生した。*エンテロコッカス・フェカリス*はチラミンとドーパミンを合成した。*ラクトコッカス・ラクティス*、*ブラウティア・プロデュクタ*、*エシェリキア・コリ*はL-DOPAを産生した。トリプトファン消費にもかかわらず、セロトニンまたは中間体は検出されなかった。いくつかの種は短鎖脂肪酸(SCFA)を産生した。
結論:
- 腸内細菌叢の常在菌は、様々な神経活性代謝物とSCFAを産生する。これらの細菌代謝物は宿主の神経化学に寄与する。腸内細菌叢の調節は、人間の健康に影響を与える治療の可能性を秘めている。
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