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コスタリカの再分配型生態系サービス支払いプログラムにおける大規模森林回復と生物多様性の回復

Giacomo L Delgado1, Johan van den Hoogen1, Daisy H Dent1,2,3

  • 1Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Global change biology
|February 4, 2026
PubMed
まとめ

大規模な生態系回復は、気候変動と生物多様性の喪失を効果的に抑制します。エコアコースティクスは、コスタリカの回復した森林を示しています

キーワード:
コスタリカ生物多様性生態学環境変化森林不平等国立公園生態系サービスへの支払い

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科学分野:

  • 生態学; 保全生物学; 環境科学

背景:

  • 生態系回復は、気候変動と生物多様性の喪失を緩和するために重要です。;監視の制限により、大規模な回復の有効性を評価することは困難です。;エコアコースティクスは、生物多様性の回復を評価するための新しいアプローチを提供します。

研究 の 目的:

  • コスタリカにおける大規模森林回復の生物多様性への影響を評価すること。;自然再生林と単一栽培プランテーションの音響回復を比較すること。;生態系サービス支払い（PES）プログラムの有効性を評価すること。

主な方法:

  • コスタリカ全土の119地点のエコアコースティックデータセットを利用しました。;Degraded pastures, restored PES sites, and reference forestsのサウンドスケープパターンを分析しました。;異なる回復タイプの参照森林に対する音響類似性を定量化しました。

主要な成果:

  • 回復されたPESサイトは、成熟した参照森林に似た音響パターンを示しました。; 自然に再生された森林は、単一栽培プランテーション（1.24倍の類似性）よりも大きな音響回復（1.4倍の類似性）を示しました。;Degraded pastures displayed significantly altered soundscape characteristics compared to reference forests.

結論:

  • 大規模な森林回復、特に自然再生は、生物多様性の回復に効果的です。;エコアコースティクスは、回復の成功を監視するためのスケーラブルな方法を提供します。;コスタリカのPESプログラムは、大規模な生態学的回復の成功を示しています。