ADHDにおけるタスクセット慣性およびタスクセット再構成の拡散モデル分析
Christina O Hlutkowsky1, Xu Yan1, Zvi R Shapiro2
1Department of Psychology, https://ror.org/04p491231The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS
|February 4, 2026
まとめ
ADHD児は、特定の切り替え障害ではなく、意思決定の遅さによる一般的なパフォーマンスの低下を示す。これはADHDにおける高次の認知機能に影響を与える。
科学分野:
- 認知神経科学
- 発達心理学
- 臨床心理学
背景:
- 切り替えは重要な実行機能であるが、他の実行機能と比較して小児ADHDでは十分に研究されていない。
- 成人研究では、切り替えコストとタスクセット慣性および再構成が関連付けられているが、ADHDにおける関連性は不明なままである。
研究 の 目的:
- ADHD児における切り替え障害の根底にある特定の認知サブプロセスを調査する。
- ADHD関連の切り替えコストが、タスクセット慣性、再構成、または一般的な処理速度に起因するかどうかを判断する。
主な方法:
- ADHD児34名と対照群28名(8〜12歳)を対象に、コンピュータ化されたキューイング切り替えパラダイムを採用した。
- 拡散モデル分析を用いて、切り替えパフォーマンスに影響を与える認知サブプロセスを分解した。
主要な成果:
- タスク切り替えコストは、タスクセット慣性(ドリフト率)とタスクセット再構成(Ter)の両方を含む。
- ADHD児は、切り替え特異的な欠陥ではなく、一般的なドリフト率の低下に起因するとされる精度低下を示した。
- 有意なADHD x 切り替えの交互作用は、特異的な障害ではなく、一般的なパフォーマンスの低下を示唆した。
結論:
- ADHD児は、低レベルの知覚的意思決定の弱さに関連するパフォーマンスの低下を示す。
- これらの基盤となる弱さは、ADHDにおける高次の実行機能に下方効果をもたらす。
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