若年成人におけるPREVENT予測式の公平性、キャリブレーション、および人種・民族グループ間でのパフォーマンス
Abigail M Gauen1, Lucia C Petito1, Yiyi Zhang2
1Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology
|February 4, 2026
まとめ
PREVENT予測式は若年成人における心血管疾患リスクに対して公平な識別能を示すが、人種グループ間でのキャリブレーションに問題がある。社会的剥奪指数を追加しても公平性やパフォーマンスは改善しなかった。
科学分野:
- 心臓病学
- 公衆衛生
- 健康格差
背景:
- 心血管疾患(CVD)の有病率は若年成人で上昇しています。アメリカ心臓協会のPREVENT予測式は、CVD、ASCVD、HFのリスクを推定します。SDI(社会的剥奪指数)を組み込んだ拡張予測式は、社会的曝露を考慮に入れています。
研究 の 目的:
- 若年成人(20~39歳)を対象に、ベースラインおよびSDI拡張PREVENT予測式のパフォーマンスとアルゴリズムの公平性を評価します。
- 公平性を人種・民族グループ間で同様のパフォーマンスと定義します。
- 30~39歳を対象に主要解析を行い、20~29歳を対象に探索的解析を行います。
主な方法:
- CVDの既往がないKaiser Permanente Southern Californiaのメンバー161,202人(20~39歳、2008~2019年)を対象としました。
- ベースラインおよびSDI拡張PREVENTモデルを用いて、10年間の予測イベント数と観察イベント数をCVD、ASCVD、HFについて比較しました。
- パフォーマンス(C統計量、キャリブレーション)と公平性(一致度不均衡、公平なキャリブレーション)を人種/民族および年齢層別に推定しました。
主要な成果:
- ベースラインPREVENT CVDモデルは、低い一致度不均衡(0.04)で公平な識別能(C統計量0.68~0.72)を示しました。
- 平均キャリブレーションでは、他のグループ(0.96~1.07)と比較して、非ヒスパニック系黒人参加者で予測が低めでした(0.54)。
- 予測誤差は人種/民族グループ間で異なり、SDIの追加はパフォーマンスまたは公平性を向上させませんでした。
結論:
- PREVENT予測式は、多様な若年成人コホートにおいて実世界でのパフォーマンスを示します。
- モデルのパフォーマンスは、年齢、人種、民族によって異なります。
- 予防戦略のためのPREVENTの臨床応用には、これらのパフォーマンスの違いを考慮する必要があります。
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