治療抵抗性うつ病に対するケトジェニックダイエット:ランダム化臨床試験
Min Gao1,2, Megan Kirk1,2, Heather Knight1
1Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, England.
JAMA psychiatry
|February 4, 2026
まとめ
ケトジェニックダイエット(KD)は、治療抵抗性うつ病(TRD)の成人において、6週間後に対照食と比較して抗うつ効果を示した。しかし、効果量が中程度であり、副次転帰に差がなかったため、臨床的意義は不確かである。
科学分野:
- 栄養精神医学
- 代謝介入
- メンタルヘルス研究
背景:
- 前臨床研究と症例報告は、ケトジェニックダイエット(KD)がうつ病に有益である可能性を示唆しています。
- うつ病におけるKDの有効性に関するランダム化比較試験(RCT)からの堅牢なエビデンスは限られています。
- 治療抵抗性うつ病(TRD)は、未だ満たされていない治療ニーズを持つ、重大な臨床的課題であり続けています。
研究 の 目的:
- TRDと診断された成人におけるKDと対照食の有効性を評価すること。
- KDがTRD集団におけるうつ病症状を著しく改善できるかどうかを判断すること。
- KDがメンタルヘルスと機能に関連する様々な副次転帰に与える影響を評価すること。
主な方法:
- TRDを有する88人の成人(年齢18〜65歳)を対象としたランダム化比較試験(RCT)を実施しました。
- 参加者は、食事指導支援を受けた6週間のケトジェニックダイエット(KD)または対照(植物)食に1:1で無作為に割り付けられました。
- 主要転帰尺度は、ベースラインから6週目までの9項目患者健康質問票(PHQ-9)スコアの変化でした。
主要な成果:
- KD群と対照群の両方でPHQ-9スコアが有意に減少しました。
- KD群は、対照群と比較して6週目にPHQ-9スコアの統計的に有意であるが、中程度の影響の大きい減少を示しました(平均差-2.18、P=.05)。
- 6週または12週での副次転帰において、群間に有意な差は観察されず、重篤な有害事象も報告されませんでした。
結論:
- ケトジェニックダイエット(KD)は、治療抵抗性うつ病(TRD)の成人において、6週目に、対照食と比較して抗うつ効果を示しました。
- 観察された効果の臨床的重要性は、効果量が中程度であり、副次転帰における有意な所見の欠如により不確かです。
- うつ病の管理におけるKDの長期的な有効性と臨床的有用性を明確にするためには、さらなる研究が必要です。
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