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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

23.2K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
23.2K
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

20.2K
Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
20.2K
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

15.2K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
15.2K
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

21.5K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
21.5K
Colloids03:22

Colloids

21.2K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
21.2K
Binary Fission01:26

Binary Fission

3.1K
Binary fission is the primary mode of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes, such as bacteria. It results in the production of two genetically identical daughter cells. This highly efficient process ensures the rapid propagation of bacterial populations under favorable conditions and involves coordinated cellular and molecular events.DNA Replication and SeparationThe process begins with the replication of the bacterial chromosome. The circular DNA molecule unwinds at a specific origin of...
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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals
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Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals

Published on: May 25, 2016

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アクティブコロイド相転移とリビング二成分結晶形成

Jingyuan Chen1,2, Shaobin Zhuo3, Binglin Zeng1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong, China.

ACS nano
|February 4, 2026
PubMed
まとめ

光活性コロイドは原子の挙動を模倣し、調整可能な相転移と異なるコロイドタイプ間の「化学反応」を可能にする。この研究は、コロイドシステムと反応経路の研究のための新しいプラットフォームを提供する。

キーワード:
ランジュバン動力学二成分結晶コロイド相互作用相転移光活性コロイド

さらに関連する動画

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions
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Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions

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Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
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Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

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関連する実験動画

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Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals
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Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals

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Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions
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Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
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科学分野:

  • ソフトマター物理学
  • 材料科学
  • 物理化学

背景:

  • コロイドは、その遅いダイナミクスにより、原子スケールの相挙動を研究するためのモデルシステム（「メタ原子」）として機能する。
  • 光活性コロイドは、原子格子相転移のエミュレーションに理想的な、調整可能な相互作用とダイナミクスを提供する。

研究 の 目的:

  • 光活性コロイド上の光化学反応が、光学的調整可能な流体力学的相互作用場をどのように作成できるかを実証すること。
  • コロイドシステムにおける制御可能な相転移（ジグザグバンド、鎖、分散相）を達成すること。
  • 受動コロイドとのコロイド合金における「化学反応」と相転移を調査すること。

主な方法:

  • オンデマンドの指向性相互作用と調整可能なダイナミクスを持つ光活性コロイドを利用すること。
  • 指向性相互作用と全方向性反発を制御するために2セットの照明を使用すること。
  • 種間「化学反応」を誘発し、コロイド化合物を形成するために受動コロイドを導入すること。

主要な成果:

  • 光化学反応によって誘発される光学的調整可能な流体力学的相互作用場を実証した。
  • 配向秩序に基づき、ジグザグバンド、鎖、分散相間の制御可能な相転移を達成した。
  • 定義された化学量論比を持つコロイド化合物の形成を観察し、それらの相転移をエミュレートした。

結論:

  • 開発されたプラットフォームは、活性物質物理学と固体化学を橋渡しする。
  • コロイドシステムにおける相図の研究のための汎用性の高いツールを提供する。
  • コロイド合金における「反応経路」の光符号化を可能にする。