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唾液中の脂肪酸プロファイリングの妥当性:血液由来マトリックスとの比較分析
Martina Abodi1, Anna Comotti2, Stefano Turolo3
1Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; ONFoods-Research and Innovation Network on Food and Nutrition Sustainability, Safety and Security-Working ON Foods, Milan, Italy.
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)
|February 4, 2026
まとめ
健康な成人において、唾液中の脂肪酸(FA)プロファイルは血液中のFAレベルを部分的にしか反映せず、個人差が大きいことが示された。唾液がFA分析の代替として実行可能かどうかを判断するには、さらなる研究が必要である。
科学分野:
- 生化学
- 分析化学
- ヒト生理学
背景:
- 脂肪酸(FA)プロファイリングは、食事摂取量、代謝状態、および病状を理解するために重要である。
- FA分析には血液サンプルが一般的に使用されるが、非侵襲的な代替法が求められている。
- 唾液中のFAは、健康評価のための有望な、最小侵襲的なアプローチを提供する。
研究 の 目的:
- 健康な成人から採取した唾液と血液(血漿および全血)の脂肪酸(FA)プロファイルを比較すること。
- 循環FA分析の代替マトリックスとしての唾液の可能性を評価すること。
- 絶食時および食後の状態における唾液と血液のFAプロファイル間の相関と一致性を評価すること。
主な方法:
- 30人の健康な参加者から、絶食時および食後の状態での唾液、血漿、全血サンプルを採取。
- 定量的なFA分析のために、炎光検出器付きガスクロマトグラフィー(GC-FID)を使用。
- 相関についてはSpearman係数、一致についてはBland-Altmanプロットを用いた統計分析を実施。
主要な成果:
- 絶食状態での唾液中のFAは、主にパルミチン酸、オレイン酸、ステアリン酸、リノール酸であった。
- 唾液と血液のFAプロファイルの間には、わずかな有意な相関しか観察されず、バセン酸のみが血漿(絶食時)との負の相関を示した。
- 食後の唾液と血漿/全血の間で、総多価不飽和脂肪酸(PUFA)の正の相関が見られたが、Bland-Altman分析では、一致度が限定的であり、一致の限界が広いことが示された。
結論:
- 唾液中のFAプロファイルは、かなりの個人差があるため、血液中のFAプロファイルを部分的にしか表さない可能性がある。
- 本研究の結果は、唾液が現時点ではFA分析において血液の直接的な代替物ではないことを示唆している。
- これらの予備的な結果を検証し、代替マトリックスとしての唾液の実現可能性の条件を調査するためには、より大規模な研究が必要である。
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