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閉経年齢と認知機能の関係:英国加齢縦断調査からの洞察
Jiawei Zhai1, Jinglei Huang1, Yuou Chen1
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
Maturitas
|February 4, 2026
まとめ
自然閉経の晩期は、女性のより良好な認知機能と関連しています。この発見は、長期的な脳の健康に対する閉経晩期の潜在的な保護効果を示唆しています。
科学分野:
- 老年医学および認知神経科学
- 生殖内分泌学
背景:
- 世界的な人口高齢化は、認知機能低下の有病率を増加させています。
- エストロゲンの低下を特徴とする自然閉経が、認知機能への影響について調査されています。
- 閉経と認知機能に関する既存の疫学データは、依然として一貫性がありません。
研究 の 目的:
- 自然閉経年齢と認知機能との間の横断的および縦断的関連を調査すること。
- 英国加齢縦断調査(ELSA)のデータを使用して、この関係を明確にすること。
主な方法:
- ELSA(Wave 4からWave 9)の3712人の閉経後女性(50歳以上)の分析。
- 主な曝露:自己申告による自然閉経年齢。
- 記憶力、実行機能、見当識を評価し、全体的なzスコアに統合した認知機能。
- 統計モデル:多重線形回帰(横断的研究)および線形混合効果モデル(縦断的研究)。
主要な成果:
- 閉経年齢が晩期であることは、全体的な認知機能の向上と一貫して相関していました。
- 横断的研究では、閉経年齢が1年高くなるごとに認知機能スコアが高くなりました(β = 0.058、P < 0.001)。
- 縦断的研究では、閉経年齢が1年高くなるごとに認知パフォーマンスが向上しました(β = 0.008、P = 0.014)。閉経が最も晩期であった四分位群は、最も早期であった四分位群よりも優れたパフォーマンスを示しました。
結論:
- 自然閉経年齢が晩期であることは、女性の認知能力の向上と関連しています。
- この発見は、閉経晩期の潜在的な神経保護的役割を示唆しています。
- サブグループおよび感度分析によって頑健性が確認されました。
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