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関連する概念動画

The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

3.2K
The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
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Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
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Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

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The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
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Multi-input and Multi-variable systems01:22

Multi-input and Multi-variable systems

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Cruise control systems in cars are designed as multi-input systems to maintain a driver's desired speed while compensating for external disturbances such as changes in terrain. The block diagram for a cruise control system typically includes two main inputs: the desired speed set by the driver and any external disturbances, such as the incline of the road. By adjusting the engine throttle, the system maintains the vehicle's speed as close to the desired value as possible.
In the absence of...
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Parameters Affecting Nonlinear Elimination: Zero-Order Input, First-Order Absorption and Two-Compartment Model01:13

Parameters Affecting Nonlinear Elimination: Zero-Order Input, First-Order Absorption and Two-Compartment Model

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Drugs administered through various routes can lead to nonlinear elimination, resulting in complex pharmacokinetic behaviors crucial to understanding efficacious drug dosing.
When a drug is administered through a constant intravenous infusion and eliminated via nonlinear pharmacokinetics, it follows zero-order input. For example, oral drugs undergo first-order absorption upon administration and are eliminated through nonlinear pharmacokinetics.
In the case of subcutaneously administered drugs,...
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Sustainable Development01:43

Sustainable Development

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As the human population continues to grow and use resources, we must be mindful of our planet’s natural limits. Sustainable development provides a pathway to maintain and improve human life now while also ensuring that future generations will have the resources that they need. The long-term success of sustainability efforts rests on understanding the interplay between human actions and ecological systems.
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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds
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A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds

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ハープシールの新生児期の聴覚入力が音声発達に及ぼす影響

Teresa Raimondi1, Caroline E Haas2, Koen de Reus3,4,5

  • 1Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome00185, Italy.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
|February 5, 2026
PubMed
まとめ

音響入力が少ないハープシールの子は、より明確な鳴き声を発達させた。新生児期の聴覚環境は、哺乳類の音声発達と個性に大きく影響する。

キーワード:
音響行動発達鰭脚類再生音声可塑性

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Optogenetic Stimulation of the Auditory Nerve
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fMRI Mapping of Brain Activity Associated with the Vocal Production of Consonant and Dissonant Intervals
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fMRI Mapping of Brain Activity Associated with the Vocal Production of Consonant and Dissonant Intervals

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Feb 6, 2026

A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds
10:13

A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds

Published on: November 26, 2012

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Optogenetic Stimulation of the Auditory Nerve
10:53

Optogenetic Stimulation of the Auditory Nerve

Published on: October 8, 2014

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fMRI Mapping of Brain Activity Associated with the Vocal Production of Consonant and Dissonant Intervals
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fMRI Mapping of Brain Activity Associated with the Vocal Production of Consonant and Dissonant Intervals

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科学分野:

  • 動物行動学
  • 生物音響学
  • 発生生物学

背景:

  • 哺乳類の音声の個性は、摂食と認識を確実にするための発達に不可欠である。
  • 音声の個性における聴覚環境の役割と成熟の役割は不明確である。

研究 の 目的:

  • 新生児期の聴覚環境がハープシールの子（Phoca vitulina）の音声発達と個体化にどのように影響するかを調査すること。
  • 音響密度が音声の区別性と可塑性に影響を与えるかどうかを判断すること。

主な方法:

  • 18頭のハープシールの子アザラシに、鳴き声の再生を介して、シミュレートされた低密度（近縁種2頭）または高密度（近縁種30頭）の音響密度にさらした。
  • 曝露前後に鳴き声を記録し、12の音響パラメータを抽出した。
  • 教師あり機械学習と判別関数分析を用いて、鳴き声の区別性と個体化を評価した。

主要な成果:

  • 再生後、両群ともに個体ごとの区別性が増加し、音声発達を示した。
  • 変動の少ない音響入力にさらされた子アザラシは、より高い音声の個体差を示した。
  • 聴覚入力は音声発達を調節し、変動の少ない入力はより安定した個体ごとの鳴き声につながった。

結論:

  • 新生児期の聴覚環境は、ハープシールの子の音声発達と可塑性に大きく影響する。
  • ハープシールは、環境が哺乳類の音声学習にどのように影響するかを理解するための貴重なモデルとなる。
  • 音声の個性は、成熟と近縁種の音響入力の程度の両方によって影響される。