Ginkgo bilobaによる認知機能障害および認知症の治療
Lisa S Wieland1, Emilie Ludeman2, Yuan Chi3,4,5
1Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
|February 5, 2026
まとめ
Ginkgo bilobaは、主観的な認知の訴えおよび軽度認知障害(MCI)に対して有効性が不明確である。認知症に対しては、認知機能、日常生活動作、臨床状態にわずかな改善をもたらす可能性があり、有害事象の増加は認められなかった。
科学分野:
- 神経科学および薬理学; 証拠に基づく医療; ハーバル医学研究
背景:
- 認知症は、認知機能および日常生活動作に影響を与える進行性の神経認知障害である。軽度認知障害(MCI)は、認知症の重要な危険因子である。現在、認知症の治療法には、治癒的または疾患進行を遅延させる能力が欠けている。
研究 の 目的:
- 認知機能障害および認知症に対するGinkgo bilobaの有効性と安全性を評価すること。Ginkgo bilobaの効果に関するランダム化比較試験(RCT)からのエビデンスを統合すること。
主な方法:
- 認知機能の問題に対するGinkgo bilobaとプラセボまたは他の治療法を比較した82件のランダム化比較試験(RCT)(10,613人の参加者)の系統的レビューおよびメタアナリシス。評価された転帰には、全体的な臨床状態、認知機能、日常生活動作(ADL)、有害事象(AE)、および重篤な有害事象(SAE)が含まれた。
主要な成果:
- 主観的な認知の訴えに対して、Ginkgo bilobaの全体的な状態への影響は不明確である。一つの研究では、有害事象の増加の可能性が示唆された。軽度認知障害(MCI)では、Ginkgo bilobaは6ヶ月間において、全体的な状態、認知機能、ADLに対する効果はほとんどまたは全く示さなかった。認知症では、Ginkgo bilobaは6ヶ月間において、全体的な状態、認知機能、ADLに対する軽度から中等度の有益性を示し、有害事象または重篤な有害事象の有意な増加は認められなかった。
結論:
- 主観的な認知の訴えおよびMCIに対するGinkgo bilobaの有効性は依然として不明確であり、短期的には有害事象が増加する可能性がある。認知症に対しては、Ginkgo bilobaは認知機能および日常生活動作にわずかな改善をもたらす可能性があり、安全性プロファイルは概して良好である。認知機能低下および認知症の管理におけるGinkgo bilobaの役割を明確にするためには、さらなる研究が必要である。
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