Clostridioides difficile感染症の肺移植レシピエントにおける一次予防:後向き研究
Mark Irwin1, Nicole Leedy1, Sravanthi Nandavaram2
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
まとめ
経口バンコマイシンまたはメトロニダゾールによる一次予防は、肺移植レシピエント(LTR)におけるClostridioides difficile感染症(CDI)を防げなかった。予防群では死亡率が高く、リスクの高い集団におけるさらなる調査が必要である。
科学分野:
- 感染症; 移植外科学; 薬理学
背景:
- Clostridioides difficile感染症(CDI)は、特に肺移植レシピエント(LTR)において、臓器移植レシピエントにとって重大なリスクをもたらし、しばしば広域スペクトル抗生物質の使用に伴って発生する。
研究 の 目的:
- 肺移植レシピエント(LTR)の入院中のClostridioides difficile感染症(CDI)に対する一次予防としての経口バンコマイシンまたはメトロニダゾールの有効性を評価すること。
主な方法:
- 2020年1月から2023年5月までの間にケンタッキー大学で肺移植レシピエント(LTR)を対象に後向きカルテレビューを実施した。
主要な成果:
- 92人のLTRのうち、51人が予防的治療を受け、41人は受けなかった。入院中のCDI発生率は両群間で同様であった(2.0% vs 2.4%)。
- 予防群では1年間のCDI発生率が5.9%であったのに対し、非予防群では2.4%であった(p=0.626)。
- 予防群では全原因死亡率が有意に高かった(41.2% vs 19.5%、p=0.041)。これは、ベースラインの疾患重症度が高いことが原因である可能性がある。
結論:
- 経口バンコマイシンまたはメトロニダゾールによる一次予防は、肺移植レシピエント(LTR)におけるCDI発生率を低下させなかった。
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