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野生ヒヒにおける生殖状態を通じた腸内細菌叢の縦断的変化
Research square
|February 6, 2026
まとめ
野生ヒヒのメスでは、生殖中、特に妊娠中に腸内細菌叢が大きく変化し、ホルモンの影響を受けるが、個々人で特有のものである。これは腸内細菌叢の重要性を強調するものである。
科学分野:
- マイクロバイオーム研究
- 生殖生物学
- 霊長類生態学
背景:
- メスの生殖には、複雑な生理学的、免疫学的、内分泌学的、行動学的変化が伴う。
- 腸内細菌群は、宿主の生殖状態と相互作用することがますます認識されている。
- これらのダイナミクスを理解することは、母体と子の健康にとって極めて重要である。
研究 の 目的:
- 野生ヒヒのメスにおける様々な生殖状態を通じた腸内細菌叢の縦断的変化を特徴づけること。
- 腸内細菌叢の組成と、ホルモンレベルを含む宿主の生殖生理との関係を調査すること。
主な方法:
- 169頭のメスヒヒから14年間にわたる4,462個の糞便サンプルを用いた16S rRNA遺伝子シーケンシング。
- 卵巣周期、妊娠、産褥性無月経などの生殖状態の日次追跡と対になった微生物叢データ。
- 糞便中のエストロゲン、プロゲステロン、グルココルチコイドレベルを測定した。
主要な成果:
- 生殖状態を通じて広範な腸内細菌叢の変化が観察され、妊娠では特有のパターンが示された。
- 初期妊娠中に微生物群の著しいシフトが生じ、免疫およびホルモンレベルと関連していた。
- 宿主の個性は、特に妊娠中に、腸内細菌叢の組成の最も強力な予測因子であった。
結論:
- 腸内細菌叢は妊娠関連の生理学的変化に寄与し、個々人に特異的な微生物の適応を伴う。
- ステロイドホルモンはこれらの微生物との関連に影響を与えるが、観察された変動を完全に説明するものではない。
- 生殖転帰および健康における腸内細菌叢の役割を理解するためには、さらなる研究が必要である。
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