人工知能支援大腸内視鏡検査による腺腫およびポリープ検出:最新の系統的レビューとメタアナリシス
Mohamed G Shiha1, Priya Oka1, Suneil A Raju1
1Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, and Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
iGIE : innovation, investigation and insights
|February 6, 2026
まとめ
コンピュータ支援検出(CADe)は、特に小さなポリープにおいて、大腸内視鏡検査中の腺腫検出率を大幅に向上させます。このAIツールはポリープの検出を強化し、大腸がんスクリーニングの結果を改善します。
科学分野:
- 消化器病学; 医療用人工知能; 内視鏡技術
背景:
- 大腸内視鏡検査における人工知能(AI)応用の関心の高まり。; 大腸腺腫およびポリープに対するコンピュータ支援検出(CADe)システムの有効性を評価する必要性。
研究 の 目的:
- ランダム化比較試験(RCT)を系統的にレビューおよびメタアナリシスすること。; 標準大腸内視鏡検査(SC)と比較して、大腸腺腫およびポリープ検出におけるCADeの有効性を評価すること。
主な方法:
- 2022年12月までMEDLINE、Embase、およびCochrane Centralデータベースの系統的検索。; CADeを使用する大腸内視鏡検査とSCを比較した12件のRCT(患者11,340人)の包含。; プールされた相対リスク(RR)および平均差(95%信頼区間(CI)を含む)を計算するためのランダム効果メタアナリシス。
主要な成果:
- CADe群(41.4%)はSC群(33%)よりも有意に高い腺腫検出率(ADR)を示した(RR、1.26;95% CI、1.18-1.35)。; CADeは、様々な大きさ、場所、形態の腺腫の検出を改善した。; 進行性腺腫または無茎性鋸歯状病変の検出に有意差はなく、CADe使用による抜去時間がわずかに増加した。
結論:
- コンピュータ支援検出(CADe)は、大腸内視鏡検査あたりの腺腫検出率を有意に増加させる。; CADeの主な利点は、微小腺腫の検出強化である。; AI支援大腸内視鏡検査は、ポリープサーベイランスの改善に有望である。
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