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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Human Neuroendocrine Tumor Cell Lines as a Three-Dimensional Model for the Study of Human Neuroendocrine Tumor Therapy

Human Neuroendocrine Tumor Cell Lines as a Three-Dimensional Model for the Study of Human Neuroendocrine Tumor Therapy

Published on: August 14, 2012

化学療法後の切除術：神経内分泌癌を伴うステージIV BRAF V600E変異型側方進展型腫瘍の症例

Reona Kawamura¹, Naoya Toyoshima¹, Masau Sekiguchi¹

¹Endoscopy Division National Cancer Center Hospital Tokyo Japan.

|February 6, 2026

Abstract:

We report a rare case of a BRAF V600E-mutated laterally spreading tumor, granular type (LST-G), with a neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) component in a patient with stage IV colorectal cancer. The patient presented with multiple lymph nodes and liver metastases. Following systemic chemotherapy, significant regression of both the primary lesion and metastases was achieved, enabling successful conversion surgery. Postoperative pathological analysis post-surgery revealed only well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, with complete disappearance of the NEC component. Molecular testing confirmed the persistence of the BRAF V600E mutation. The patient remains recurrence-free two years after surgery. This case highlights the potential for conversion surgery in stage IV BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer with NEC.

キーワード:

BRAF 切除術側方進展型腫瘍顆粒型（LST-G）神経内分泌癌（NEC）全身化学療法

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Employing Digital Droplet PCR to Detect BRAF V600E Mutations in Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Reference Standard Cell Lines

Employing Digital Droplet PCR to Detect BRAF V600E Mutations in Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Reference Standard Cell Lines

Published on: October 8, 2015

Establishment and Characterization of Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumor Spheroids

Establishment and Characterization of Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumor Spheroids

Published on: October 14, 2019

関連する概念動画

Mutations

Mutations

Mutations

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...

Gene Conversion

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...

Gene Conversion

Gene Conversion

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...

Viral Mutations

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...