社会的断絶とそれに続く精神疾患:人口ベースのコホート研究
Katrine Brandt Alsner1, Lisbeth Mølgaard Laustsen1,2,3, Mathias Lasgaard2,4
1Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology
|February 6, 2026
まとめ
孤独感や社会的サポートの低さを含む社会的断絶は、様々な精神疾患を発症するリスクを著しく高めます。これらの発見は、社会的孤立とその精神的健康への影響に対処するための公衆衛生介入の必要性を強調しています。
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生、精神医学、疫学
背景:
- 社会的断絶は、健康状態の悪化、特にうつ病の既知のリスク因子です。以前の研究では、社会的断絶に関連する精神疾患の範囲や人口統計学的なばらつきは十分に調査されていませんでした。
研究 の 目的:
- 社会的断絶(孤独感、社会的孤立、社会的サポートの低さ)と幅広い精神疾患との関連を調査すること。これらの関連を大規模な人口ベースのコホートで分析すること。
主な方法:
- デンマーク全国健康調査(N=162,483)のデータを全国健康登録簿とリンクさせたコホート研究。調査尺度を用いて社会的断絶を評価し、7つのカテゴリーにわたる診断を用いて精神疾患を特定しました。人口統計学的および社会経済的要因を調整して、罹患率比(IRR)を推定するためにポアソン回帰を使用しました。
主要な成果:
- 社会的断絶のある個人は、物質使用障害、統合失調症スペクトラム障害、双極性障害、大うつ病性障害、神経症/不安障害、パーソナリティ障害を含む、すべての7つの精神疾患カテゴリーでより高い罹患率を示しました。孤独感は最も強い関連性を示し(IRR 2.94–4.94)、次いで社会的孤立(IRR 1.47–4.80)、社会的サポートの低さ(IRR 1.32–2.82)でした。関連性は一般的に性別間で一貫していましたが、年齢トレンドは孤独感と社会的孤立で異なりました。
結論:
- 社会的断絶と複数の精神疾患の罹患率との間には、一貫して強い関連性が存在します。これらの発見は、精神疾患のリスクを軽減するために社会的つながりを標的とした公衆衛生介入の可能性を強調しています。因果関係を解明し、予防戦略を知らせるためには、さらなる研究が必要です。
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