周産期うつ病のスクリーニングと診断:最適なケアを改善する機会の特定
Kelli Ryckman1,2, Maiti Peters3, Erik Parker4
1Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, United States. kryckman@iu.edu.
Archives of women's mental health
|February 6, 2026
まとめ
人種的および民族的マイノリティは、周産期うつ病(PND)についてスクリーニングされる可能性が高いが、診断される可能性は低い。PNDにおけるこれらのスクリーニングおよび診断の格差に対処するには、ターゲットを絞った介入が必要である。
科学分野:
- 生殖器系の健康
- メンタルヘルス
- 健康格差
背景:
- 周産期うつ病(PND)は、妊娠中および産褥期の重大な合併症であり、未治療の場合は重篤な結果をもたらす。
- PNDはかなりの数の女性に影響を与え、効果的なスクリーニングと診断戦略を必要とする。
- 既存の研究ではPNDケアにおける潜在的な格差が示唆されているが、包括的な検討が必要である。
研究 の 目的:
- 周産期うつ病(PND)のスクリーニングと診断における人種、民族、社会人口統計学的な格差を調査すること。
- 大規模な中西部医療システム内でのスクリーニングと診断のパターンを分析すること。
主な方法:
- 個人異質性と識別精度(MAIHDA)の多レベル分析を用いた。
- 79,992件の出産に関する電子カルテを分析した。
- PNDスクリーニングはPHQ-9またはEPDSスコアを介して特定され、診断は出産後1年以内のICD-9/10コードを用いて確認された。
主要な成果:
- 高齢の女性(36歳以上)および地方に住む女性は、PNDのスクリーニングを受ける可能性が低かった。非ヒスパニック系黒人、ヒスパニック系、アジア系の女性は、非ヒスパニック系白人女性と比較して、スクリーニングを受ける可能性は高かったが、診断される可能性は低かった。公的保険への加入は、スクリーニング率ではなく、PND診断率の上昇と相関していた。
結論:
- PNDのスクリーニングと診断における重大な格差が依然として存在する。
- 人種的および民族的マイノリティグループは、スクリーニングは多いが診断は少ないという不公平に直面している。
- 構造的な不公平に対処し、過小評価されている集団のPND診断を改善するためには、ターゲットを絞った介入が不可欠である。
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