構造化放射線レポートにおけるChatGPTの役割の評価:系統的レビュー
Shahad Alalawi1, Rami Alchoghari2, Aishah Hakami3
1College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.
Medicine
|February 6, 2026
まとめ
ChatGPTのような大規模言語モデル(LLM)は、特に胸部、脳、肝臓の画像処理において、構造化放射線レポートに有望です。しかし、パフォーマンスはモダリティによって異なり、広範な臨床使用の前にさらなる研究が必要です。
科学分野:
- 医療画像における人工知能
- ヘルスケアにおける自然言語処理
- 放射線科ワークフローの最適化
背景:
- 大規模言語モデル(LLM)は、放射線科における構造化レポートの可能性を提供します。
- 放射線科におけるLLMの現在の診断パフォーマンスと臨床的信頼性は十分に確立されていません。
- LLMの精度、感度、特異度、および放射線科レポートにおける有用性を評価するための系統的レビュー。
研究 の 目的:
- 構造化放射線レポートにおけるChatGPTおよび類似のLLMの診断精度を系統的にレビューすること。
- これらのAIモデルの感度、特異度、および臨床的有用性を評価すること。
- 異なる画像モダリティおよびAIタイプにわたる結果を統合すること。
主な方法:
- PRISMAガイドラインに従った系統的レビュー。
- 放射線科レポートにおけるLLMの診断精度に関する研究をPubMedおよびGoogle Scholarで検索。
- QUADAS-2ツールを使用してバイアスと適用可能性のリスクを評価し、結果を物語的に合成した。
主要な成果:
- 28件の研究(2023-2024年)が含まれ、GPT-4は高い精度を示した(例:肝MRIで99%、脳MRIで94%)。GPT-4oは胸部画像で75%の感度と95%の特異度を示した。ドメイン固有のモデルは良好なパフォーマンスを示したが、ばらつきがあった。中程度のバイアスリスクが認められた。
- 28 studies (2023-2024) were included; GPT-4 showed high accuracy (e.g., 99% liver MRI, 94% brain MRI). GPT-4o demonstrated 75% sensitivity and 95% specificity in chest imaging. Domain-specific models performed well, but variability existed; moderate risk of bias noted.
結論:
- LLMは、胸部、脳、肝臓の画像処理などの特定の分野における構造化放射線レポートに対して有望な精度を示しています。
- モダリティ全体でのパフォーマンスの一貫性の欠如は、日常的な臨床導入には注意が必要であることを示唆しています。
- 臨床統合のためには、標準化されたプロトコルを用いたさらなる前向き研究が不可欠です。
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