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Atomic Structure01:33

Atomic Structure

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Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 × 10−23 g. When describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms, we use appropriately small units of measure, such as the atomic mass unit (amu). The amu was originally defined based on hydrogen, the lightest element, then later in terms of oxygen. Since 1961, it has been defined with regard to the most abundant isotope of carbon, atoms of which...
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Atomic Orbitals02:44

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An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
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The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
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In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. In a multielectron atom, electron-electron repulsions are also observed. The attractive and repulsive forces are dependent on the distance between the particles, as well as the sign and magnitude of the charges on the individual particles. When the charges on the particles are opposite, they attract each other. If both particles have the same charge, they repel each other.
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二次元材料およびデバイスの非破壊原子欠陥定量化

Yucheng Yang1, Kaikui Xu1, Tara Peña2

  • 1Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.

ACS applied materials & interfaces
|February 6, 2026
PubMed
まとめ

側面力顕微鏡（LFM）は、WSe2やWS2などの2次元半導体における原子欠陥をマッピングするための、高速かつ非破壊的な方法を提供します。この技術は、ラマンスペクトル感度を上回り、材料成長およびデバイス製造分析を支援します。

キーワード:
二次元材料ラマンスペクトル原子間力顕微鏡欠陥デバイス遷移金属ダイカルコゲナイド

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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • ナノテクノロジー
  • 表面科学

背景:

  • 二次元半導体における原子欠陥の特性評価は、成長およびデバイス性能の最適化に不可欠です。
  • 現在の欠陥測定法は、しばしば遅く、破壊的であるか、または十分な感度を欠いています。

研究 の 目的:

  • LFM（側面力顕微鏡）を、二次元材料における原子欠陥特性評価のための非破壊技術として導入および検証すること。
  • LFMの感度と、さまざまな二次元材料、基板、およびデバイス構造全体での適用性を評価すること。

主な方法:

  • LFM（側面力顕微鏡）を使用して、単層タングステンジセレニド（WSe2）および二硫化タングステン（WS2）の表面欠陥をマッピングしました。
  • LFMを、二酸化ケイ素（SiO2）およびサファイア基板上の材料、ならびにWSe2トランジスタに適用しました。
  • LFMの欠陥検出限界を従来のラマン分光法と比較しました。

主要な成果:

  • LFMは、さまざまな基板上およびトランジスタ内のWSe2およびWS2の表面欠陥を正常にマッピングしました。
  • この技術は、ラマン分光法で測定可能なものよりも大幅に低い欠陥密度を検出しました。
  • LFMは、成長したままのフィルムと比較して、WSe2トランジスタでより高い欠陥密度を明らかにし、製造によって誘発された欠陥を示唆しています。
  • 浮遊およびポリマー支持の二次元材料における欠陥を検出するLFMの能力を実証しました。

結論:

  • LFM（側面力顕微鏡）は、二次元半導体における原子欠陥特性評価のための高感度な非破壊方法です。
  • LFMは、二次元材料の成長を監視し、デバイス製造中に導入された欠陥を特定するための貴重な洞察を提供します。
  • この技術は、高度な二次元材料アプリケーションの欠陥測定の範囲を広げます。