機械学習を用いた歯科受診遅延の分類:国民健康調査分析
Giang Vu1, Atish Chandra1, Sanket Salvi1
1Center for Decision Support Systems and Informatics, School of Global Health Management and Informatics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.
International dental journal
|February 7, 2026
まとめ
米国成人の14.5%が歯科受診遅延を経験しており、人種/民族的マイノリティや保険未加入者でその割合が高い。機械学習モデルは、歯科受診遅延の主要な危険因子を特定した。
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生
- 医療サービス研究
- 健康の公平性
背景:
- 歯科受診遅延は口腔衛生問題の悪化を招き、より広範な医療アクセス格差を反映しています。
- 口腔衛生の不平等を是正するためには、歯科受診遅延の有病率と要因を理解することが不可欠です。
研究 の 目的:
- 米国成人における12ヶ月間の歯科受診遅延の有病率を推定すること。
- 人口統計学的および社会経済的グループ間の歯科受診遅延における格差を特定すること。
- リスクのある個人を特定するための機械学習(ML)の有用性を評価すること。
主な方法:
- 2023年国民健康調査(NHIS)サンプル成人ファイル(N=54,927)の横断的分析。
- 年齢、性別、教育、保険加入状況、人種/民族別の記述統計。
- 精度、適合率、再現率、F1スコア、AUC、および解釈可能性のためのSHAPを使用した機械学習分類器(LightGBM)の開発と評価。
主要な成果:
- 米国成人の14.5%が過去1年間に歯科受診遅延を報告しました。
- 35〜64歳、黒人/アフリカ系アメリカ人、多民族、および教育水準が低い成人で、受診遅延率が高いことが観察されました。
- 歯科保険がないことは、受診遅延の可能性を大幅に高めました。LightGBMは84.87%の精度を達成し、教育、所得貧困比、保険加入状況が主要な予測因子でした。
結論:
- 歯科受診遅延は蔓延しており、特定の人口統計学的および社会経済的グループに不均衡に影響を与えています。
- 解釈可能なMLモデルは、標的介入のためのリスク層化に役立ちます。
- 不平等を軽減するために、歯科治療の適用範囲を拡大し、経済的障壁を減らす政策が推奨されます。
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