進行性多発性硬化症における光干渉断層撮影血管造影の可能性
Jonathan A Gernert1,2, Hanna Zausinger1, Luca Diedrich1
1Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377, Munich, Germany.
Journal of neurology
|February 7, 2026
まとめ
光干渉断層撮影血管造影(OCTA)は、進行性多発性硬化症(PMS)における網膜血管の変化を検出できます。この方法は、MS患者(PwMS)における神経変性のモニタリングに役立ち、日常的な臨床診療の一部となる可能性があります。
科学分野:
- 眼科学;神経学;医用画像
背景:
- 多発性硬化症患者(PwMS)における神経変性プロセスの早期検出は、依然として臨床的に重要な課題である。;光干渉断層撮影血管造影(OCTA)は、網膜血管系を可視化するための新しい非侵襲的イメージング技術である。; MSにおける既存のOCTA研究は、主に再発性形態に焦点を当てており、進行性MS(PMS)における調査は限られている。
研究 の 目的:
- 進行性多発性硬化症(PMS)患者における神経変性の検出およびモニタリングのための補完的診断ツールとしてのOCTAの有用性を評価すること。; PMS患者と年齢および性別を一致させた健常対照(HC)との間の網膜血管密度を比較すること。
主な方法:
- 62人のPwPMSと43人のHCを対象とした単施設の後ろ向き横断研究。;視神経炎のある眼を除外。;深層学習ベースのセグメンテーションアルゴリズムを使用してOCTA画像を解析し、表在血管複合体(VD_SVC)の血管密度を定量化した。
主要な成果:
- PwPMSではHCと比較してVD_SVCの低下が認められた(p=0.018)。; VD_SVCは、PwPMSとHCの両方で年齢と負の相関を示した。; 病期は、若いPwPMS(<57.5歳)のVD_SVCに影響を与えた。; 病期が長い(>10年)PwPMSは、病期が短い(≤5年、p=0.049)PwPMSと比較してVD_SVCが低下していた。;臨床的障害(EDSS)は、PwPMSのVD_SVCと負の相関を示した(β=-0.487、p=0.010)。
結論:
- OCTAは、PwPMSにおける網膜血管の変化を検出する可能性を示しており、疾患進行のモニタリングにおけるその役割の可能性を示唆している。;構造化され調和の取れたOCTA調査は、PwMSの日常的な臨床診療に統合される可能性がある。;OCTAがPMSモニタリングにおける役割を完全に確立するには、さらなる外部検証および縦断的研究が必要である。
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