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Energy Transfer in Chemical Reactions01:16

Energy Transfer in Chemical Reactions

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Chemical reactions require sufficient energy to cause the matter to collide with enough precision and force that old chemical bonds can be broken and new ones formed. In general, kinetic energy is the form of energy powering any type of matter in motion. Imagine a person building a brick wall. The energy it takes to lift and place one brick on top of another is the kinetic energy—the energy matter possesses because of its motion. Once the wall is in place, it stores potential energy.
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Power Dissipated in a Circuit: Problem Solving01:15

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The equivalent resistance of a combination of resistors depends on their values and how they are connected.
The simplest combinations of resistors are series and parallel connections. In a series circuit, the first resistor's output current flows into the second resistor's input; therefore, each resistor's current is the same. Thus, the equivalent resistance is the algebraic sum of the resistances. The current through the circuit can be found from Ohm's law and is equal to the...
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Energy Basics

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Chemical reactions, such as those that occur when you light a match, involve changes in energy as well as matter.
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The universe is composed of matter in different forms, and all forms of matter contain energy.  The different forms of energy on Earth originate from the Sun — the ultimate energy source. Plants capture light energy from the Sun, and, via the process of photosynthesis, convert it into chemical energy. This stored energy from plants can be harnessed in many ways. For example, eating plant products as food provides energy for our body to function, and burning wood or coal (fossilized...
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Free Energy01:21

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Free energy—abbreviated as G for the scientist Gibbs who discovered it—is a measurement of useful energy that can be extracted from a reaction to do work. It is the energy in a chemical reaction that is available after entropy is accounted for. Reactions that take in energy are considered endergonic and reactions that release energy are exergonic. Plants carry out endergonic reactions by taking in sunlight and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. Animals, in turn, break...
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Internal Energy02:00

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The total of all possible kinds of energy present in a substance is called the internal energy (U), sometimes symbolized as E. Suppose a system with initial internal energy, Uinitial, undergoes a change in energy (transfer of work or heat), and the final internal energy of the system is Ufinal. Change in internal energy equals the difference between Ufinal and Uinitial.
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エネルギー伝達・散逸のためのプログラム可能な多機能双安定構造

Xin Na1, Jincong Zhang1, Zhicheng Chen1

  • 1James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.

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PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

技術者らは、急速なエネルギー変換のために非対称ビームを用いた新しい双安定システムを開発した。このプログラム可能なシステムは、ペイロード配送や衝撃吸収などの用途でエネルギー伝達効率を高める。

キーワード:
アクチュエータ双安定機構エネルギー散逸迅速な刺激応答標的配送

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科学分野:

  • 材料力学
  • 生体材料工学
  • ロボット工学とアクチュエーション

背景:

  • 双安定構造は、スナップスルー挙動を自然に示し、急速な状態遷移と大きなエネルギー変換を可能にする。
  • 非対称双安定ビームは、対称設計よりも利点があり、より低い活性化力要件でより多くのひずみエネルギーを蓄える。

研究 の 目的:

  • 非対称双安定ビームを用いた多機能双安定システムの開発。
  • 開発されたシステムの調整可能なエネルギー密度とエネルギー伝達効率の調査。
  • システムのユニークな特性を活用した潜在的な応用の探求。

主な方法:

  • 非対称双安定ビームを用いた多機能双安定システムの設計と製造。
  • 幾何学的パラメータ、材料タイプ（ポリ乳酸）、およびビーム数の調整によるシステムエネルギー密度の調整。
  • エネルギー伝達効率と弾道発射能力の実験的検証。

主要な成果:

  • 3つのビームからなるシステムは、単一のビームと比較してエネルギー伝達効率が41%向上したことを実証した。
  • システムは、直径の35倍の高さを球体に打ち出すことに成功した。
  • プログラム可能性と高いエネルギー変換密度が確認された。

結論:

  • 開発された非対称双安定システムは、調整可能なエネルギー密度と高いエネルギー変換効率を提供する。
  • 潜在的な用途には、標的ペイロード配送、刺激応答性アクチュエーション、生物医学的ステント、および衝撃吸収が含まれる。
  • システムの設計は、スナップスルー構造の分野を実用的な応用に進歩させる。