安楽死は治療か?
Gareth S Owen1, Maria Koniarz2, Alex Ruck Keene3
1Professsor of Psychological Medicine, Ethics and Law, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom.
International journal of law and psychiatry
|February 8, 2026
まとめ
支援死(AD)は法的に一貫して定義されていません。この研究では、明確性と政策を改善するために、一部の法律やガイドラインが示唆しているにもかかわらず、ADは治療として分類されるべきではないと主張しています。
科学分野:
- 生命倫理学; 医療法; 公衆衛生政策
背景:
- 支援死(AD)の法的および倫理的な分類は、依然として複雑な問題です。国際的な法規および政府のガイダンスは、ADの決定をどのように特徴づけるかにおいて様々です。ADの決定の性質を理解することは、精神的能力の評価にとって重要です。
研究 の 目的:
- 国際的な法規および政府のガイダンスにおける支援死(AD)の決定の性格づけを分析すること。臨床倫理および法的観点からADを治療として分類すべきかどうかを規範的に評価すること。将来の政策研究のためにADの決定のより明確な性格づけを提供すること。
主な方法:
- 国際的な支援死(AD)の法規および関連する政府のガイダンスの分析。情報に基づいた同意および医療法の両方を含む、臨床的および法的な観点からの規範的な倫理分析。様々な法域におけるADの法規の比較法レビュー。
主要な成果:
- 支援死(AD)は国際法において様々に特徴づけられており、32の法律のうち10はそれを医療または治療として枠づけています。曖昧なケース(32の法律のうち14)では、政府のガイダンスはしばしば治療としての性格づけに傾いています。法的枠組みとガイダンスのかなりの部分は、ADの性質を一貫して定義していません。
結論:
- 支援死(AD)は、臨床的な理解可能性、法的整合性、および潜在的な政策への影響のため、治療として分類されるべきではありません。ADの決定のより明確な性格づけは、将来の政策および研究に情報を提供するために必要です。ADの決定の法的および政策的文脈における分類を改善するための推奨事項が提案されています。
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