緩和ケアへのアクセスにおける文脈特異的な格差への対処、またはその要因の混同
Hannah Nettelblad1, Rubina Ratnaparkhi2, Sharon Fitzgerald-Wolff3
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
Annals of palliative medicine
|February 9, 2026
まとめ
地方または一次医療へのアクセスがない婦人科がん患者は、緩和ケア紹介を受ける可能性が低い。緩和ケアサービスへの公平なアクセスを改善するには、健康の社会的決定要因(SDOH)を理解することが不可欠である。
科学分野:
- 腫瘍学; 緩和ケア; 健康サービス研究; 健康の社会的決定要因(SDOH)
背景:
- 専門緩和ケアは婦人科がん患者の転帰を著しく改善しますが、紹介率は依然として低い(20〜30%)です。特に社会経済的に不利な立場にある集団や疎外された集団にとって、緩和ケアへの公平なアクセスは困難です。婦人科腫瘍における緩和ケアの利用に対する健康の社会的決定要因(SDOH)の影響は十分に研究されていません。
主な方法:
- アメリカ臨床腫瘍学会(ASCO)の紹介基準を満たす婦人科腫瘍患者の後ろ向きコホート品質改善研究(2019-2022)。臨床的要因(年齢、がんの部位/病期、BMI)およびSDOH(人種、保険、第一言語、PCPの有無、距離、地方性、地域剥奪指数)を分析に含めました。紹介の有意な予測因子を特定するために多変量ロジスティック回帰を使用しました。
結論:
- 地方、遠隔地、または不利な地域に居住する婦人科がん患者、または確立された一次ケアを受けている患者は、緩和ケアに紹介される可能性が低いことがわかりました。地方性と一次ケアへのアクセスは、この集団における緩和ケア紹介に影響を与える主要なSDOHでした。緩和ケアへの公平なアクセスを確保するために、標的を絞った品質改善介入を開発するには、SDOHの理解が不可欠です。
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