イラン高原におけるカプリン(ヤギ・ヒツジ)の乳利用:紀元前7千年紀から
Emmanuelle Casanova1,2, Hossein Davoudi3,4, Antoine Zazzo5
1Bioarchéologies Interactions Sociétés Environnements, UMR7209 CNRS, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France. emmanuelle.casanova@lsce.ipsl.fr.
Nature human behaviour
|February 9, 2026
まとめ
ヒツジとヤギの乳製品は、紀元前7千年紀からザグロス山脈の牧畜コミュニティによって利用されていました。陶器と歯石の分析に基づいたこの発見は、南西アジアにおける初期の乳利用を明らかにしています。
科学分野:
- 考古学
- 古タンパク質学
- 古代乳製品生産
背景:
- 南西アジアは、動物の家畜化と牧畜の発展における重要な地域です。
- ザグロス山脈は、ヤギの家畜化と農牧業の普及の中心地として特定されています。
- ザグロス山脈の牧畜コミュニティによる初期の乳利用は、十分に理解されていません。
研究 の 目的:
- ザグロス山脈における初期の反芻動物の乳利用を調査すること。
- 新石器時代の牧畜コミュニティによる乳製品使用の時期と範囲を決定すること。
主な方法:
- 陶器の容器内の脂質残渣の分析。
- ヒトの歯石中のタンパク質残渣の分析。
- 乳残渣の動物相スペクトルと放射性炭素年代測定。
主要な成果:
- 陶器および歯石からカプリン(ヒツジとヤギ)の乳製品の証拠が検出されました。
- 紀元前7千年紀からザグロス山脈におけるヒツジとヤギの乳製品の広範な利用。
- 同時期のアナトリアにおけるウシの乳の利用。
結論:
- ザグロス山脈とアナトリアの新石器時代コミュニティは、初期の反芻動物の乳利用において複雑で並行したパターンを示しました。
- これは、農牧生活様式の普及における独立した、しかし同期した発展を示唆しています。
- この発見は、初期の人類の生存戦略における乳製品の重要な役割を強調しています。
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