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What is Gene Expression?

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...

What is Gene Expression?

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area.
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...

Organization of Genes

Organization of Genes

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Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Three Differential Expression Analysis Methods for RNA Sequencing: limma, EdgeR, DESeq2

Three Differential Expression Analysis Methods for RNA Sequencing: limma, EdgeR, DESeq2

Published on: September 18, 2021

小RNAシーケンシングからのコード遺伝子発現の解析

Aygun Azadova¹, Anthonia Ekperuoh¹, Greg N Brooke²

¹School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom.

Genome research

|February 10, 2026

まとめ

この要約は機械生成です。

小RNAシーケンシング（sRNA-seq）はタンパク質コード遺伝子発現を定量でき、総RNA-seqがなくてもマイクロRNA遺伝子制御ネットワーク解析を可能にします。この方法は、がん研究にとって重要なsRNA-seqデータから遺伝子発現を確実に推定します。

キーワード:

小RNAシーケンシングタンパク質コード遺伝子遺伝子発現マイクロRNA がん研究

さらに関連する動画

Identification of Coding and Non-coding RNA Classes Expressed in Swine Whole Blood

Identification of Coding and Non-coding RNA Classes Expressed in Swine Whole Blood

Published on: November 28, 2018

Targeted RNA Sequencing Assay to Characterize Gene Expression and Genomic Alterations

Targeted RNA Sequencing Assay to Characterize Gene Expression and Genomic Alterations

Published on: August 4, 2016

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Three Differential Expression Analysis Methods for RNA Sequencing: limma, EdgeR, DESeq2

Three Differential Expression Analysis Methods for RNA Sequencing: limma, EdgeR, DESeq2

Published on: September 18, 2021

Identification of Coding and Non-coding RNA Classes Expressed in Swine Whole Blood

Identification of Coding and Non-coding RNA Classes Expressed in Swine Whole Blood

Published on: November 28, 2018

Targeted RNA Sequencing Assay to Characterize Gene Expression and Genomic Alterations

Targeted RNA Sequencing Assay to Characterize Gene Expression and Genomic Alterations

Published on: August 4, 2016

科学分野:

ゲノミクス;分子生物学;バイオインフォマティクス

背景:

数千もの小RNAシーケンシング（sRNA-seq）研究が存在しますが、多くの場合、一致する全RNAシーケンシングデータが不足しています。;このデータギャップは、マイクロRNA-遺伝子制御ネットワークの包括的な分析を妨げます。

研究の目的:

sRNA-seqデータから直接タンパク質コード遺伝子発現を定量する実現可能性を調査すること。;マイクロRNA-mRNA相互作用解析におけるこのアプローチの信頼性を評価すること。

主な方法:

4つのヒト組織から一致する全RNA-seqおよびsRNA-seqデータを分析しました。;sRNA-seqデータセットからタンパク質コード遺伝子転写産物を回収および定量しました。;乳がんデータセットでqPCRデータに対して推定されたコード遺伝子発現を検証しました。

主要な成果:

sRNA-seqからのタンパク質コード遺伝子発現レベルは、全RNA-seqと比較して同等でした（R² 0.33–0.76）。;このアプローチは、複数の組織や種にわたって一貫した相関を示しました。;マイクロRNAとmRNAの発現プロファイルとの逆相関を示し、既知の相互作用を確認しました。;乳がんデータ分析で75%のリコールと64%の精度を達成しました。

結論:

sRNA-seqからのmRNAフラグメントの定量は、全RNA-seqが入手できない場合にマイクロRNA-mRNA相互作用を研究するための信頼性の高い方法です。;デュアルmRNA/miRNAプロファイリングのために、≥25ヌクレオチド画分を≥5百万リードでシーケンシングすることを推奨しました。;このアプローチは、ゲノムおよびトランスクリプトーム研究、特にがん研究において価値あるツールを提供します。