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Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Morris Water Maze Test: Optimization for Mouse Strain and Testing Environment

Morris Water Maze Test: Optimization for Mouse Strain and Testing Environment

Published on: June 22, 2015

CO₂電気還元のための最適化された微小環境を有する透過性密着膜電極界面（純水中）

Zhilong Zheng^1,2, Songhu Bi³, Xiangji Zhou³

¹School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

Nature communications

|February 10, 2026

Abstract:

Pure water-fed membrane electrode assembly (MEA) electrolyzers represent a significant advance for practical deployment of electrochemical CO₂ reduction, yet suffer from poor reaction kinetics and high ohmic resistance due to the lack of alkali cations and low intrinsic ionic conductivity. Here, we address interfacial mass transport limitations arising from inefficient H₂O and OH^- transport in anion exchange membrane (AEM)-based pure water MEAs. A permeable intimate membrane (PIM) electrode is developed by casting ionomer emulsion directly onto the catalyst layer (CL) to form the anion exchange layer (AEL) in situ, which creates an intimately bonded CL/AEL interface and allows the ionomer to permeate the CL, establishing continuous internal channels for efficient H₂O and OH^- transport. Consequently, the PIM-based MEA achieves over 90% CO selectivity across a wide current density range under pure water conditions, with a system energy efficiency 1.35 times higher than conventional MEAs. Characterization reveals that the intimate catalyst-ionomer interface reconstructs the hydrogen-bonded network of interfacial water, accelerating the hydrogenation kinetics of the key *COO^- intermediate.

キーワード:

CO₂電気還元純水電解膜電極接合体透過性密着膜界面輸送触媒層陰イオン交換膜エネルギー効率選択性

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A Micro-agar Salt Bridge Electrode for Analyzing the Proton Turnover Rate of Recombinant Membrane Proteins

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