老化作物葉圏における微生物由来の亜酸化窒素(N₂O)発生源
Kanako Tago1,2, Shin-Ichi Tokuda3, Yuya Sato4
1Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan.
Frontiers in microbiology
|February 11, 2026
まとめ
葉上の植物残渣は、微生物による脱窒を通じて亜酸化窒素(N₂O)を放出する。本研究は、N₂O排出を駆動する葉の微生物を特定し、脱窒の
科学分野:
- 農業科学;環境微生物学;生物地球化学
背景:
- 植物残渣は陸域生態系における栄養源であり、窒素循環に影響を与える。;植物残渣の窒素循環、特にN₂O排出における葉圏微生物の役割は不明である。;農業作物残渣は、強力な温室効果ガスである亜酸化窒素(N₂O)の世界的な排出に寄与している。
研究 の 目的:
- 地上部キャベツ葉残渣からの直接的なN₂O排出を調査する。;脱窒を担う葉圏の固有の微生物群集を同定・特徴づける。;老化植物葉におけるN₂O生産のメカニズムと生態学的意義を理解する。
主な方法:
- キャベツ葉残渣からのN₂O排出を測定するための圃場実験。;老化葉からの脱窒菌の単離と同定。;微生物遺伝子発現と代謝経路を調査するためのマルチオミクス解析。
主要な成果:
- 肥料散布後、キャベツの葉は有意な硝酸塩レベル(乾燥重量1 gあたり3.0–11.3 mg NO₃⁻-N)を蓄積した。;葉の老化は8.62から415.35 μg N₂O-N m⁻² h⁻¹の範囲のN₂O排出を誘発した。;アグロバクテリウム属*6Ca8などの脱窒菌が単離され、たとえ好気的条件下であっても、葉由来の栄養素を利用してN₂Oを生産することが示された。
結論:
- 植物葉圏は、農耕地におけるN₂O排出の微生物ホットスポットとして機能する。;老化葉上の脱窒菌は、脱窒の既知の生態学的ニッチを拡大し、N₂O生産に積極的に寄与している。;脱窒は、主に嫌気的な土壌プロセスであるという従来の考え方に異議を唱え、葉の表面で発生する可能性がある。
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