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関連する概念動画

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

3.9K
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Language01:16

Language

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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
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pH Scale02:41

pH Scale

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Hydronium and hydroxide ions are present both in pure water and in all aqueous solutions, and their concentrations are inversely proportional as determined by the ion product of water (Kw). The concentrations of these ions in a solution are often critical determinants of the solution’s properties and the chemical behaviors of its other solutes. Two different solutions can differ in their hydronium or hydroxide ion concentrations by a million, billion, or even trillion times. A common means of...
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Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

830
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
830
Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting
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機能的状態スケール評価のための大規模言語モデルアプローチ

Blake Martin1,2,3, Anna M Janas1,3, Kristen R Miller1,3

  • 1Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.

Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies
|February 11, 2026
PubMed
まとめ

微調整された人工知能(AI)モデルであるFSS-AIは、重症児の機能的状態スケール(FSS)スコアを推定できます。AIは手動スコアと中程度の合意を示し、正常対異常なFSSを特定できました。

キーワード:
ヘルスケア大規模言語モデル自然言語処理転帰評価

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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
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科学分野:

  • 医療における人工知能
  • 小児集中治療
  • ヘルスインフォマティクス

背景:

  • 重症児の機能的状態の推定は、ケア計画と転帰評価にとって重要です。
  • 機能的状態スケール(FSS)は一般的なツールですが、手動での採点は時間がかかり、主観的になる可能性があります。
  • GPT-4oのような高度なAIを活用することで、自動化された効率的なFSS採点の可能性が提供されます。

研究 の 目的:

  • 微調整された生成事前学習済みトランスフォーマー(GPT)-4o人工知能(AI)モデル(FSS-AI)を開発および評価し、重症児のFSSスコアを推定することを目的としました。
  • 入院中のさまざまな時点での手動で割り当てられたスコアと比較して、AI生成のFSSスコアの精度と合意を評価することを目的としました。

主な方法:

  • 機械的人工呼吸を受けている子供(1か月から18歳)の前向きコホートの後向き分析が実施されました。
  • ベースライン、PICU転送、および退院時の患者記録を使用して、カスタムGPT-4oモデル(FSS-AI)をトレーニングおよびテストしました。
  • FSS-AIのパフォーマンスは、加重コーエンのカッパおよび精度メトリックを使用して、将来決定された手動FSSスコアと比較することによって評価されました。

主要な成果:

  • FSS-AIは428件の患者記録を分析し、ベースライン(Kappa=0.59)および退院時(Kappa=0.51)で手動FSSスコアと中程度の合意を示しました。
  • モデルは、正常および異常なFSSスコア間の良好な識別能力を示し、ベースラインでの精度(0.90)とPPV(0.95)が最も高くなりました。
  • FSS-AIは、退院時の新規罹患率を75%の精度と56%の感度で特定しました。

結論:

  • カスタムGPT-4oモデル(FSS-AI)は、入院中のさまざまな段階で重症児のFSSスコアを効果的に推定できます。
  • AIツールは手動採点と中程度の合意を示し、正常と異常な機能的状態を区別できます。
  • FSS-AIは、小児集中治療の設定で機能的状態を評価し、新規罹患率を特定するための効率的なツールとしての可能性を示しています。