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Glaucoma: Overview01:25

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Adrenoceptors are classified into α and ꞵ classes based on their potencies to catecholamine agonists. α-adrenoceptors show the following order of catecholamine potency:
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β-adrenoceptors have varied sensitivities towards adrenaline, noradrenaline, and isoprenaline. The order of agonist potency is as follows:
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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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緑内障サブタイプおよび偽落屑症における光電式容積脈波増幅法ベースの血管拡張反応による全身性内皮機能障害の評価

Fatumatuz Zehra Karakuzu1, Murat Buyukaksu2, Fatih Aslan3

  • 1Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey.

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PubMed
まとめ

原発開放隅角緑内障(POAG)および偽落屑緑内障(PEXG)患者では、全身性内皮機能障害がより顕著である。光電式容積脈波増幅法ベースの血管拡張反応(PPG-FMD)は、緑内障における血管健康状態を評価するための新規で非侵襲的な方法を提供する。

キーワード:
内皮機能障害血管拡張反応緑内障光電式容積脈波増幅法偽落屑症候群

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科学分野:

  • 眼科学
  • 血管生物学
  • 医療診断学

背景:

  • 原発開放隅角緑内障(POAG)、偽落屑緑内障(PEXG)、および偽落屑症(PEXS)を含む緑内障は、不可逆的な失明の主な原因である。
  • 全身性内皮機能障害は、様々な血管疾患の要因としてますます認識されている。
  • 内皮機能を評価するための非侵襲的方法は、緑内障の病態生理の理解およびリスクのある個人の特定に役立つ可能性がある。

研究 の 目的:

  • 原発開放隅角緑内障(POAG)、偽落屑緑内障(PEXG)、および偽落屑症(PEXS)患者における全身性内皮機能障害を、光電式容積脈波増幅法ベースの血管拡張反応(PPG-FMD)を用いて評価すること。
  • 眼内圧(IOP)、神経節細胞複合体(GCC)厚、および視神経乳頭周囲網膜神経線維層(RNFL)厚などの眼科的構造パラメータと内皮機能との関連を調べること。

主な方法:

  • POAG(n=12)、PEXG(n=14)、PEXS(n=16)、および対照群(n=13)の55名の参加者を含む前向き横断研究。
  • 全身性内皮機能は、光電式容積脈波増幅法ベースの血管拡張反応(PPG-FMD)を用いて非侵襲的に測定され、反応性充血中の脈波振幅変化を介して血管反応性を評価した。
  • IOP、GCC厚、およびRNFL厚を含む眼科的パラメータは、スペクトラルドメインOCTを用いて評価した。

主要な成果:

  • POAG群(85.4±6.0%)およびPEXG群(82.5±4.3%)の平均PPG-FMD拡張指数は、対照群(124.5±10.1%、p<0.001)と比較して有意に低かった。
  • PEXS群ではPPG-FMDの有意でない低下が見られた。
  • 内皮機能はGCC(r=0.311、p=0.027)およびRNFL厚(r=0.378、p=0.007)と正の相関を示し、IOP(r=-0.339、p=0.013)とは負の相関を示した。

結論:

  • 緑内障性視神経症、特にPEXGおよびPOAG患者では、全身性内皮機能障害がより顕著である。
  • PPG-FMD技術は、緑内障患者における血管内皮機能を評価するための、新規で、術者非依存的で、臨床的に実行可能なツールである。
  • PPG-FMDは、緑内障における全身性血管障害を非侵襲的に検出でき、リスクの高い個人の特定のためのIOPおよびOCT測定値の補完的マーカーとして機能する。