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妊婦の気道管理：管理戦略

Carlos Eduardo Laverde-Sabogal¹, Miguel Ángel Aguilar Schotborgh¹

¹Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. (Bogotá, Colombia).

Revista colombiana de obstetricia y ginecologia

|February 11, 2026

要旨

Objetivo:

integrar la evidencia disponible en un marco conceptual que apoye decisiones sobre el manejo de la vía aérea en mujeres gestantes. Materiales y métodos: a partir de un caso hipotético que ilustra el problema, se desarrolla un documento explicativo basado en una revisión narrativa estructurada. Se describen los aspectos clave y el paso a paso para establecer el control de la vía aérea, culminando con la presentación de tres escenarios teóricos desafiantes.

Resultados:

el embarazo genera cambios anatómicos y fisiológicos que dificultan el abordaje de la vía aérea, como edema, distorsión laríngea y mayor riesgo de sangrado. La elevación diafragmática, junto con la reducción de la capacidad residual funcional, favorecen atelectasias, la hipoxemia durante la apnea y el riesgo de broncoaspiración, especialmente después de las 30 semanas. Se propone un marco práctico para evaluación, preparación, planificación y ejecución para el manejo de la vía aérea en población gestante, integrando estos principios en tres escenarios teóricos.

Conclusiones:

El manejo de la vía aérea en obstetricia plantea retos por los cambios propios del embarazo, que aumentan la dificultad y las complicaciones, especialmente la hipoxemia. Es esencial el entrenamiento continuo y un abordaje integral y protocolizado para optimizar los resultados maternos y neonatales.

キーワード:

妊婦気道管理妊娠麻酔合併症低酸素症

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