一般の福祉とは何か:衡平性に関する厚生経済学の視点
1Department of Economics and Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208.
まとめ
経済学者は、特に衡平性に関して、多様な個人の選好を反映する社会厚生関数を作成することで、政策をより良く分析できる。このアプローチは、複雑な概念を明確にし、公の議論における矛盾を減らす。
科学分野:
- 経済学
- 政治学
- 公共政策
背景:
- 米国憲法における「一般の福祉」の解釈は曖昧なままである。
- 既存の厚生経済学は、均質で自己中心的な選好を仮定することで、分析を単純化することが多い。
研究 の 目的:
- 実際の個人の選好の異質性と複雑さを捉える社会厚生関数を指定することを提案する。
- 政策分析を強化するための衡平性の選好の役割を探る。
- 衡平性の解釈をめぐる概念的な意見の相違を明確にする。
主な方法:
- 多様な個人の選好を形式的に表現する社会厚生関数を開発する。
- 衡平性の様々な解釈を表現する関数の指定に焦点を当てる。
- 衡平性に関する厚生経済学および公の議論の文献をレビューする。
主要な成果:
- 社会厚生関数は、異質な個人的選好および分布選好を表現するように指定できる。
- 衡平性に関する様々な解釈を形式化することで、概念を明確にすることができる。
- このアプローチは、政策に関する口頭でのコミュニケーションにおける矛盾を減らす可能性がある。
結論:
- より正確な政策分析のためには、より豊かな社会厚生関数を指定することが不可欠である。
- 特に衡平性に関して、多様な選好に対処することで、より微妙な理解につながる可能性がある。
- 形式的なモデリングは、公の議論における概念的な曖昧さを解決するのに役立つ可能性がある。
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