救急・集中治療室におけるアドバンストプラクティス看護師の役割:スコーピングレビュー
Oscar Fidel Antunez Martinez1, Yoselin Isabel Vallejo Bustamante2, Nelson Orlando Varela Zuniga3
1National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.
International emergency nursing
|February 11, 2026
まとめ
アドバンストプラクティス看護師(APN)は救急および集中治療室を改善するが、役割や規制の一貫性の欠如がその潜在能力を妨げている。効果的な統合とエビデンスに基づいた実践のためには、コンピテンシーと方針の標準化が鍵となる。
科学分野:
- 看護科学
- ヘルスケアマネジメント
- 臨床実践
背景:
- アドバンストプラクティス看護師(APN)は、看護師実践家や臨床看護専門看護師を含み、救急部門(ED)および集中治療室(ICU)の質と効率にとって不可欠です。役割定義の多様性、規制枠組みの一貫性の欠如、パンデミック後の最新エビデンスの必要性など、課題は依然として存在します。
研究 の 目的:
- EDおよびICUにおけるAPNの役割、コンピテンシー、アウトカムに関する最近のエビデンスを世界的に統合すること。APN導入における課題を特定し、クリティカルケア設定への効果的な統合戦略を探ること。
主な方法:
- ArkseyとO'MalleyのフレームワークおよびPRISMA-ScRガイドラインに準拠した包括的なスコーピングレビューを実施しました。6つのデータベースを検索し、EDまたはICUのAPNに焦点を当てた適格な研究を特定し、2人の独立したレビューアがデータを抽出し統合しました。
主要な成果:
- 25の研究により、APNの高度な臨床推論、手技スキル、リーダーシップ、エビデンスに基づいた実践におけるコンピテンシーが明らかにされました。役割の曖昧さ、規制上の制約、十分でない自律性といった主要な課題が特定され、COVID-19後の労働力と教育のギャップによって悪化しています。標準化されたコンピテンシー、方針改革、専門的な大学院教育、そして専門職間の連携強化が解決策として提案されています。
結論:
- APNはEDおよびICUのアウトカムと効率を実証的に向上させますが、役割定義の一貫性の欠如が全体的な影響を制限しています。これらのクリティカル設定におけるAPN実践に関する既存のエビデンスベースは、主に低レベルの研究から得られています。将来のAPN導入には、APN主導のケアモデルの拡張性を支持する堅牢な統計的エビデンスを生成するための厳密な評価が必要です。
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