多発性硬化症患者における等尺性収縮時の力制御と筋活動の障害
Mélanie Henry1, Thomas Crompton1, Enrique Alvarez2
1Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA.
まとめ
MS(多発性硬化症)患者は、健常者と比較して下肢の筋力制御が損なわれていることが示されました。しかし、自己申告とは異なり、この運動障害は両脚間で非対称ではありませんでした。
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- リハビリテーション医学
- 神経学
背景:
- 運動障害、特に非対称な運動障害は、MS患者に重大な影響を与え、この集団の最大80%に影響を及ぼします。
- 自己申告では四肢の関与の違いが示されることが多いですが、客観的な神経制御評価が必要です。
研究 の 目的:
- MS患者における筋力産生中の下肢筋の神経制御における非対称性を調査すること。
- MS患者の下肢筋の力制御と筋活動を、影響の大きい方の脚と影響の少ない方の脚の間で比較すること。
主な方法:
- MS患者18名と健常対照者17名が、足関節背屈筋および底屈筋の亜最大等尺性収縮を行った。
- 力制御(精度と安定性の測定を含む)および下肢筋の筋電図(EMG)活動を評価した。
主要な成果:
- MS患者は、両肢および両タスクにおいて、健常対照群と比較して有意に低い力制御を示した(p ≤ 0.003)。
- MS参加者は、足関節底屈時の筋活動亢進(p ≤ 0.042)、および足関節背屈時の拮抗筋活動亢進と共収縮(p < 0.001)を含む、筋活動パターンの変化を示した。
- MS群内では、影響の大きい方の脚と影響の少ない方の脚の間で、パフォーマンスまたは筋活動に有意な差は見られなかった。
結論:
- 本研究は、四肢の非対称性に関係なく、MSにおける下肢筋の力制御の一般的な障害を明らかにする。
- 本研究の結果は、MSにおける神経制御の変化が、一方の四肢に限定されるのではなく、全体的な筋機能に影響を与えることを示唆している。
- これらの結果は、多発性硬化症における移動障害に対する標的化されたリハビリテーション戦略の開発に役立つ可能性がある。
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