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多発性硬化症患者における病変ダイナミクスと脳容量の人工知能解析
Clemens Bettray1, Thanos Tsaktanis2, Angelika Mennecke1
1Department of Neuroradiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
Multiple sclerosis and related disorders
|February 11, 2026
まとめ
多発性硬化症(MS)における人工知能(AI)は、病変量だけでなく灰白質萎縮が障害と強く相関することを明らかにしている。このAI駆動型MRI解析は、亜臨床的進行の定量的モニタリングを支持する。
科学分野:
- 神経画像
- 人工知能
- 定量的MRI
背景:
- 定量的MRIマーカーは、多発性硬化症(MS)の進行を評価するために不可欠である。
- AIベースの容量測定は、臨床実践における病変負荷と脳萎縮の標準化された評価を提供する。
研究 の 目的:
- AI由来の容量測定値とMSの障害との関連を調査すること。
- 年間脳容量減少(ABVL)と病変ダイナミクスが萎縮を予測するかどうかを判断すること。
- 実際のMSコホートにおける放射線学的および臨床的表現型を比較すること。
主な方法:
- 455人のMS患者(2016-2020)からの888件のMRIスキャンを後向きに解析した。
- 病変指標と脳容量の自動AIセグメンテーション(mdbrain®)を使用した。
- 萎縮を予測するために一般化推定方程式(GEE)を用いた縦断的解析を実施した。
主要な成果:
- EDSS(障害スコア)は病変量(ρ=0.28)および全脳容量(ρ=-0.32)と相関した。
- より高いEDSSとより長い追跡期間は、独立して萎縮を予測した。
- ABVLは境界的な有意性を示した。
- 灰白質優位の萎縮が観察され、しばしば新しい病変がないにもかかわらず、神経変性を示唆していた。
結論:
- 灰白質萎縮は、病変負荷よりもMSの障害との強い相関因子である。
- AIベースの定量的MRIは、実際のモニタリングのための再現性のある萎縮評価を提供する。
- AIツールは、脳容量減少を定量化することによって、亜臨床的進行の検出を支援できる。
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