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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model

Published on: September 16, 2022

ドローンベースの複合リスクマッピングが植生-日陰の相互作用と住宅タイプをエーデスの生息地リスクの主要決定要因として明らかにする

Zulfadli Mahfodz¹, Agus Naba², Pradeep Isawasan³

¹Centre of Environmental Health & Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), UITM Selangor, Puncak Alam, 42300, Selangor, Malaysia.

Scientific reports

|February 11, 2026

Abstract:

Persistent dengue transmission in tropical cities reflects a complex interplay between environmental microclimates and urban housing structure that supports Aedes mosquito breeding. This study applies drone-based microhabitat risk mapping integrated with a biologically defined Composite Risk Index (CRI) to quantify fine-scale environmental drivers of Aedes habitat risk across distinct residential typologies in Sect. 24, Shah Alam, Malaysia. High-resolution RGB imagery obtained using a DJI Phantom 4 Pro was processed to derive the Brightness Index (BI) as a proxy for shade intensity and the Excess Green Index (ExG) as an indicator of vegetation density. These indices were integrated a priori into a CRI to operationalise known ecological conditions favourable for Aedes. Spatial analysis revealed a consistent risk gradient, with terrace housing exhibiting higher Composite Risk Index (CRI) values than flat complexes (low-density terrace (Teres D) > dense terrace (Teres B) > medium-rise (Flat H) > high-rise (Flat B)), demonstrating that housing typology modulates the spatial expression of microhabitat risk rather than vegetation presence alone. Model calibration showed high predictive agreement (R² = 0.91), with the top 20% of CRI-ranked pixels capturing 65% of observed breeding-prone zones, indicating strong spatial discriminative performance. These findings highlight that vegetation-shade coupling, expressed through housing morphology, governs Aedes habitat persistence and that drone-based microclimate mapping provides a precision surveillance tool for spatially targeted dengue control.

キーワード:

エーデスの生息地リスク複合リスク指数（CRI）ドローンベースの微生息地リスクマッピング住宅タイプ植生と日陰の相互作用

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