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異なる医療環境におけるC型肝炎の分散型スクリーニングの有効性:スペイン南東部の6年間の遡及研究
Maria Paz Ventero1,2, Raissa Silva-Afonso2,3, Maria Guerrero Soler2,3
1Department of Microbiology, Dr. Balmis General University Hospital, Alicante, Spain.
Translational gastroenterology and hepatology
|February 12, 2026
まとめ
C型肝炎ウイルス (HCV) の機会性スクリーニングは,緊急治療室で最も費用対効果が高い. 刑務所や脆弱な集団における分散型スクリーニングは,より高い効率性を示しており,よりよいHCV検出のために促進されるべきである.
科学分野:
- 肝病学と感染症
- 公共衛生戦略 公共衛生戦略
- 医療における費用対効果の分析
背景:
- 世界保健機関 (WHO) は,2022年から2030年にかけての新型肝炎戦略を推奨しています.
- スペインには普遍的なC型肝炎ウイルス (HCV) のスクリーニングがなく,機会主義的な方法に頼っています.
- この研究では,スペインのアリカンテのスクリーニングの効率を評価しています.
研究 の 目的:
- さまざまな医療環境における機会的HCVスクリーニングの効率を,刑務所や脆弱な集団における分散型スクリーニングと比較する.
- 異なるHCVスクリーニングアプローチの費用対効果を分析する.
主な方法:
- 機会性スクリーニング (救急,婦人科,初等医療など) の比較 ドライブラッド・スポット (DBS) テスト (2017-2023) を使用した分散型スクリーニング (刑務所,脆弱な集団) によるものです.
- ヴァレンシア地域の料金法に基づくスクリーニング費用の計算.
主要な成果:
- 66,532個のサンプルを分析し,0.47%のウイルスのゲノムが検出されました.
- 機会性スクリーニングでは,0.44%のHCV抗体有病率 (0.14%のvRNA+) が示されました.
- 分散的なスクリーニングでは,有意に高い流行率が明らかになった: 27.28%の抗体,10.28%のvRNA+;刑務所 (7.39%の抗体,3.30%のvRNA+);DBS (19.89%の抗体,6.98%のvRNA+).
- vRNA+患者の1人あたりの費用:婦人科 (89,966ユーロ),初等医療 (6,744ユーロ),緊急医療 (2,983ユーロ),刑務所 (518ユーロ),DBS (405ユーロ).
結論:
- 緊急治療室での機会性スクリーニングは,この環境の中で最も費用対効果が高いです.
- 分散型スクリーニングは,高流行率の不利な人口をターゲットに,非常に効果的です.
- HCV検出率を改善するために,分散型スクリーニングの促進と評価が推奨されています.
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