加速する雪の干ばつがカナダの水供給を脅かしている
Robert Sarpong1, Ali Nazemi1, Amir AghaKouchak2,3
1Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC Canada.
まとめ
スノーウォーター・アベイラビリティ (Snow Water Availability) を開発し,スノーパックの水量を測定しました. 2000年から2019年にかけてカナダとアラスカで雪の総量が増加した一方で,局所的な損失は,何百万もの人の水資源を脅かしています.
科学分野:
- 水文学 水文学とは,水文学の学問である.
- 環境科学 環境科学
- 気候科学 気候科学
背景:
- 雪水は,寒い地域での水供給に不可欠な資源です.
- 既存の方法では,雪水貯蔵の包括的な定量化が欠けている.
研究 の 目的:
- カナダとアラスカ全域の雪水利用率 (SWA) を導入し,定量化する.
- 2000年から2019年にかけてのSWAの傾向と空間的変動を分析する.
主な方法:
- 雪の深さ,密度,覆い分数に関する統合されたグリッドデータセット.
- 25 × 25 km2の解像度でSWAの4つの見積もりを開発しました.
- SWA.の長期平均値と10年間の変化を分析した.
主要な成果:
- 年間長期平均SWAは996 ±170 km3 (2000年−2019年) であった.
- SWAは2000-2009年から2010-2019年にかけて (799kmから1208km3) 大きく増加した.
- 重要なSWA損失は,ドメインの ~3%で,主に北米のコルディレラで発生しました.
結論:
- 全体的な増加にもかかわらず,局所的なSWA損失はカナダ西部における水供給に脅威をもたらす.
- これらの損失は,カナダ南部での減少と併せて,人口の約86%が住んでいる地域に影響を与えます.
- SWAは,雪が多い地域における水資源の理解と管理に不可欠な指標です.
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