グローバルなメタ分析により,脊椎動物の腸内微生物群の多様性の原動力が明らかになりました
Yong Xie1, Songsong Xu2, Yufei Xi3
1Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shenzhen China.
まとめ
脊椎動物の腸内微生物は,食生活や気候によって世界的に変化し,宿主の適応に影響を与えます. 抗生物質耐性遺伝子は,腸内微生物と土壌環境の間で転送することができます.
科学分野:
- 微生物生態学 微生物生態学とは
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 環境科学 環境科学
背景:
- 腸内微生物コミュニティは,宿主の局所環境への適応に役割を果たします.
- 脊椎動物の腸内微生物に関する以前の研究は範囲が限られており,グローバルな理解を妨げています.
- 腸内微生物群の多様性と脊椎動物間の適応的シフトを牽引する重要な要因は不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- 脊椎動物の腸内微生物群の多様性と構造のグローバルなパターンを調査する.
- 食事と気候を含む腸内微生物群の変動の環境的決定要因を特定する.
- 抗生物質レジストームとその脊椎動物の腸と土壌間の移動性を調査する.
主な方法:
- 113種の脊椎動物から6508個のサンプルから16S rRNA遺伝子配列を解析した.
- 487の陸上の脊椎動物の腸内微生物群と203の土壌サンプルのメタゲノミックシーケンシング.
- マイクロバイオームの構成,機能,抗生物質耐性遺伝子の比較分析.
主要な成果:
- ホストの食生活は腸内微生物の組成に大きく影響し,肉食動物ではフソバクテリア,草食動物ではヴェルルコミクロビアが豊富に含まれている.
- 気候要因は,腸内微生物群の変動と強く関連しています; バクテリオデテスの豊富さは増加し, プロテオバクテリアは高緯度から低緯度まで減少します.
- 共通の抗生物質レジストームが特定され,脊椎動物の腸内微生物群と土壌環境の間の水平遺伝子転送の証拠が示されました.
結論:
- 食事と気候は,脊椎動物の腸内微生物群の構造と機能の主要な原動力であり,宿主の適応を促進します.
- 腸内微生物群は,宿主生態系と地理によって形成される異なる分類学および機能的プロファイルを示しています.
- 土壌-微生物-脊椎動物のインターフェースは,抗生物質耐性遺伝子の潜在的な貯蔵庫であり,環境間移転の証拠があります.
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