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関連する概念動画

Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER01:27

Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER

7.8K
A sizable fraction of proteins destined for ER are first synthesized in the cell cytosol and then transported across the ER membrane–a process called post-translational translocation. Similar to cotranslationally translocated proteins, these proteins also use the Sec translocon complex to enter the ER lumen.
Targeting proteins to the ER
Hsp40 and Hsp70 chaperone molecules bind the translated proteins in the cytosol to prevent their folding. The chaperone binding helps to keep the signal...
7.8K
The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

48.4K
Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
48.4K
Convergent Evolution01:54

Convergent Evolution

33.1K
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
33.1K
Translation01:31

Translation

157.3K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
157.3K
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

16.3K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
16.3K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

39.2K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
39.2K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

A Fast and Quantitative Method for Post-translational Modification and Variant Enabled Mapping of Peptides to Genomes
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PTMOverlay: 進化における翻訳後の修正を視覚化するためのプロテオミックツール

Camille Krieger, Zachary Everton, Youngki You

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
    |February 12, 2026
    PubMed
    まとめ
    この要約は機械生成です。

    研究者は,種間のタンパク質の保存された翻訳後の修正 (PTMs) を分析するためのツールであるPTMOverlayを開発しました. これは,保存された改変部位のための質量スペクトロメトリデータを分析することによって,重要な細胞機能を理解するのに役立ちます.

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    Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes
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    Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes

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    A Fast and Quantitative Method for Post-translational Modification and Variant Enabled Mapping of Peptides to Genomes
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    科学分野:

    • プロテオミクス プロテオミクスは,プロテオミクスの
    • バイオインフォマティックス
    • 進化生物学の進化生物学について

    背景:

    • 翻訳後の改変 (PTM) の進化的保存は,基本的な細胞過程の洞察を提供します.
    • マススペクトロメトリーは,PTMの識別と定量化のために膨大な量のデータを生成し,分析的な課題を提示します.

    研究 の 目的:

    • 様々な種で複数のPTMを分析するための計算ツールを開発する.
    • 保存されたPTMの大規模質量スペクトロメトリデータの分析におけるボトルネックに対処する.

    主な方法:

    • 新しいタンパク質配列調整ツールであるPTMOverlayを開発しました.
    • 複数の種に対するタンパク質配列を備えた統合ペプチド識別データ.
    • 分析されたPTMサイトは,アセチル化,リン酸化,および様々なメチル化を含む,31のバクテリア単離体.

    主要な成果:

    • バクテリアの中央炭素代謝における保存された改変部位を特定した.
    • エノラースホモジマー界面におけるメチル化残留物とフォスフォサイトとの潜在的相互作用が明らかになった.
    • 大量のデータセットを効率的に解析するPTMOverlayの能力を実証しました.

    結論:

    • PTMOverlayは,将来の機能研究のためのPTMサイトの情報に基づいた選択を容易にする.
    • このツールは,進化的に保存されたPTMの分析を強化します.
    • 保存されたPTMは,重要な細胞機能,特に細菌の代謝において重要な役割を果たします.