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Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

11.3K
Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Multi-input and Multi-variable systems01:22

Multi-input and Multi-variable systems

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Cruise control systems in cars are designed as multi-input systems to maintain a driver's desired speed while compensating for external disturbances such as changes in terrain. The block diagram for a cruise control system typically includes two main inputs: the desired speed set by the driver and any external disturbances, such as the incline of the road. By adjusting the engine throttle, the system maintains the vehicle's speed as close to the desired value as possible.
In the absence of...
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Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

3.5K
Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output

2.8K
Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
Cardiac output adapts to metabolic demands during stress, physical activity, or illness. The autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate via the sinoatrial node. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart...
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プラディアル後のビルマ・パイソンにおける心筋線維細胞再構成に関するマルチオミックスの洞察

Thomas G Martin, Lorena Suarez-Artiles, Kathleen C Woulfe

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
    |February 12, 2026
    PubMed
    まとめ

    ビルマ・パイソンは,消化過程で心筋を急速に再構築する. 頻度の高い給食は,サルコメアの機能とタンパク質の調節を変化させ,心臓の収縮性を高めるための翻訳後のチューニングプログラムを明らかにします.

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    科学分野:

    • 心臓病学 心臓病学
    • 生理学 生理学とは
    • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.

    背景:

    • ビルマ・パイソンは,消化過程で重要な生理学的変化を経験します.
    • 心臓の改造は,増加した代謝需要に適応するために不可欠です.

    研究 の 目的:

    • 栄養が心筋細胞に与える影響を調査する. サルコメアのメカニズムと分子調節.
    • 常時給食条件と常時給食条件の間の正常な状態での心臓の改造を比較するために.

    主な方法:

    • シングルミオフィブリルメカニズム測定とミオシン重鎖代謝測定.
    • RNAシーケンシング,プロテオミクス,翻訳後の改変分析 (ユビキチノミクス,フォスフォプロテオミクス,アセチロミクス) を含むマルチオミクス分析.

    主要な成果:

    • 餌を与えると筋線維細胞の緊張とリラックス率が増加し,頻繁に餌を与えると活性化運動が遅くなる.
    • プロテオミクスはピークリモデリング中にサルコメアタンパク質合成の遅延を示した.
    • サルコメアのタンパク質,特にチチンとミオシン重鎖で,何百もの翻訳後の改変が確認されました.

    結論:

    • 消化ピトンにおける心臓の改造は,サルコメールレベルで複雑な分子調整を伴う.
    • 翻訳後の改変は,心臓の収縮性を高めるため,サルコメア機能を迅速に調節する上で重要な役割を果たします.