不眠症の症状と併発する阻害性睡眠時無呼吸症と,客観的な短い睡眠期間は,インシデント高血圧と関連しています
Nikolaos Athanasiou1, Slobodanka Pejovic1, Alexandros N Vgontzas2
1Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
まとめ
睡眠時間が短い共病性不眠症と阻害性睡眠時無呼吸症 (COMISA) は,高血圧のリスクを大幅に増加させます. これは,正確なCOMISA診断と管理のために睡眠期間を評価することの重要性を強調しています.
科学分野:
- スリープ・メディシン (睡眠医学)
- 心血管の健康について
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
背景:
- 併発性不眠症と阻害性睡眠時無呼吸症 (COMISA) は,いずれかの状態単独よりも高い心血管リスクを示します.
- 睡眠時間が短い不眠症 (ISSD) と関連したCOMISAの特定の表型は,高血圧への影響に関してさらなる調査を必要としています.
- これらの関連性を理解することは,公衆衛生と臨床実践にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- COMISA,特にISSD現象型,およびインシデント高血圧を発症するリスクとの関連を調査する.
- 一般人口のサンプルで異なる睡眠現象型に関連した高血圧リスクを分析する.
- 客観的な睡眠期間が,COMISAに関連する高血圧リスクにおける重要な要因であるかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- ペンシルベニア州立大人のコホートから1395人の参加者を対象とした縦断的な研究で,ベースラインで高血圧のない参加者は786人でした.
- 高血圧は,高血圧に対する自己報告治療によって定義された.
- 不眠症の症状,阻害性睡眠時無呼吸 (OSA) (無呼吸/低呼吸指数 ≥ 5/h),および客観的な短い睡眠期間 (< 6 時間) は,ポリソムノグラフィとアンケートを使用して評価されました.
主要な成果:
- ISSDフェノタイプを持つCOMISAは,よく眠る人と比較して,インシデント高血圧 (OR=4.25,95%CI=1.52-11.90) のリスクが最も高かった.
- 阻害性睡眠時無呼吸症単独 (OR=3.31,95%CI=1.85-5.92) とISSD単独 (OR=2.27,95%CI=1.29-4) も,発生高血圧と有意な関連性を示しました.
- ISSDフェノタイプのないCOMISAは,高血圧リスクの増加と有意に関連していなかった.
結論:
- 高血圧の発症におけるCOMISAの加算心血管リスクは,主にISSD現象型によって引き起こされ,最も重度の不眠症の症状を表しています.
- 客観的な睡眠時間は,COMISA患者の正確な診断とリスク層分化の重要な要因です.
- アプネア/ヒポプネアと酸素飽和度指数に加えて,客観的な睡眠期間を組み込むことは,COMISAの診断と治療戦略を改善することができます.
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