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Jiajia Zhang1, Jie Hu1, Yinyan Gao1

  • 1Xiangya School of Public health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.

日常的な臨床指標に基づいたエイジングクロック(老化時計)は、生物学的年齢を評価するための費用対効果の高いツールとして登場している。本系統的レビューは、これらの利用可能なエイジングクロックの特徴をまとめ、批判的に評価することを目的とする。日常的な臨床指標に基づき、成人(18歳以上)を対象としたエイジングクロックを開発した研究を、2024年6月18日までに6つのデータベース(PubMed、EMBASE、Web of Science、CNKI、Wanfang Data、Sinomed)から抽出した。組み入れられたエイジングクロックの方法論的質、バイアスのリスク、および適用可能性を評価するために、PROBAST+AIツールを使用した。すべての結果を叙述的に要約した。81のエイジングクロックを含む59件の研究が組み入れられ、そのうち71(87.7%)は、主に中国、米国、韓国、英国の単一国のデータセットを用いて開発されていた。特に、31のエイジングクロック(38.3%)は、内部検証および外部検証のいずれも行わずに開発されていた。大多数のエイジングクロックは、高インパクトジャーナルに掲載されたものでさえ、質に関する懸念が高く、バイアスのリスクが高いと評価された。開発段階における質と適用可能性に関する懸念が低いと評価されたのは、2件の研究によるわずか3つのエイジングクロック(3.7%)のみであり、そのうち1件の研究による2つ(4.0%)が、モデル評価においてもバイアスのリスクが低く、適用可能性に関する懸念が低いことをさらに示した。今後の研究では、新しいクロックを開発することよりも、有望なエイジングクロックを標的集団で検証することを優先し、方法論的な厳格さと透明性のある報告のためにPROBAST+AIおよびTRIPOD+AIガイドラインを遵守し、再現可能でユーザーフレンドリーなモデルコードおよびツールを提供すべきである。

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