Jove
Visualize
お問い合わせ
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
JoVEについて
概要リーダーシップブログJoVEヘルプセンター
著者向け
出版プロセス編集委員会範囲と方針査読よくある質問投稿
図書館員向け
推薦の声購読アクセスリソース図書館諮問委員会よくある質問
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experimentsアーカイブ
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教員リソースセンター教員サイト
利用規約
プライバシーポリシー
ポリシー

関連する概念動画

Naming Enantiomers02:21

Naming Enantiomers

26.2K
The naming of enantiomers employs the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog rules that involve assigning priorities to different substituent groups at a chiral center. Each enantiomer, being a distinct molecule, is assigned a unique name by the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog (CIP) rules, also called the R–S system. The prefix R- or S- attached to the chiral centers in an enantiomer is dependent on the spatial arrangement of the four substituents on the chiral center. The R–S system essentially comprises three...
26.2K
Language01:16

Language

921
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
921
Naming Skeletal Muscles01:19

Naming Skeletal Muscles

4.1K
The naming of the approximately 700 muscles in the human body is based on a set of criteria designed to provide descriptive information about each muscle, making it easier to identify and remember them.
The key factors used in naming muscles include:
4.1K
Common Names of Aldehydes and Ketones01:11

Common Names of Aldehydes and Ketones

5.1K
Some common aldehydes and ketones are popularly known by their common names used historically and predate the IUPAC nomenclature.   
Common names of aldehydes are derived from the names of their corresponding acid. For instance, the two-carbon aldehyde–acetaldehyde derives its name from the corresponding acid–acetic acid. Similarly, formaldehyde derives its name from formic acid and benzaldehyde from benzoic acid.
Aliphatic ketones are named by suffixing the word “ketone” to the...
5.1K
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

831
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
831
Language Development01:22

Language Development

939
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
939

こちらも読む

関連記事

共著者、ジャーナル、引用グラフによってこの研究に関連する記事。

並び替え
Same author

New proteomic biomarkers identified in plasma extracellular vesicles in sarcoidosis: a case-control matched study.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Tuning hyperparameters of doublet-detection methods for single-cell RNA sequencing data.

Quantitative biology (Beijing, China)·2026
Same author

New proteomic biomarkers identified in plasma extracellular vesicles in sarcoidosis: a case-control matched study.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Regenerative Signatures in BAL of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology·2024
Same author

Drug safety assessment by machine learning models.

Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics·2024
Same author

Regenerative Signatures in Bronchioalveolar Lavage of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2023

関連する実験動画

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

In Vivo Functional Study of Disease-associated Rare Human Variants Using Drosophila
06:41

In Vivo Functional Study of Disease-associated Rare Human Variants Using Drosophila

Published on: August 20, 2019

14.4K

珍しい病気のエンティティ認識と呼ばれるエンティティ認識のための大規模な言語モデルを活用する.

Nan Miles Xi1, Yu Deng1, Lin Wang2

  • 1Data and Statistical Sciences, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.

PLOS digital health
|February 12, 2026
PubMed
まとめ

GPT-4oは,資源が少ない環境で,まれな疾患の名付けられた実体認識 (NER) の有望性を示しています. タスクレベルの微調整は,従来のモデルを上回る最高のパフォーマンスを達成しました.

科学分野:

  • バイオメディカル自然言語処理
  • 医療における人工知能

背景:

  • 希少疾患における名付けられたエンティティ認識 (NER) は,限られたデータと意味論の曖昧さにより,困難です.
  • 伝統的な監督モデルでは,まれな疾患のデータでよく見られるロングテイル分布に苦労しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • 稀有疾患NERに対するGPT-4oの性能を低リソース条件下で評価する.
  • ゼロショット,数ショット学習,RAG,微調整を含む様々なプロンプトベースの戦略を比較する.
  • 意味学的に導かれたショートショット例の選択のための新しい方法を導入する.

主な方法:

  • GPT-4oを使用し,ドメインの知識と曖昧さ回避のルールを組み込んだ構造化プロンプトを使用しました.
  • 実施されたゼロショット,数ショット・イン・コンテキスト・ラーニング,リトリーバル・アグメンテッド・ジェネレーション (RAG),タスクレベルの微調整.
  • 性能を最適化し,ラベリングの努力を減らすために2つの意味学的に導かれたショートショット例の選択技術を開発しました.

主要な成果:

  • GPT-4oはRareDis CorpusでBioClinicalBERTと比較して競争力のあるまたは優れたパフォーマンスを達成しました.
  • タスクレベルの微調整は,これまでの BioClinicalBERT ベースラインを上回り,最も強力な結果を示しました.

さらに関連する動画

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese
08:08

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese

Published on: April 1, 2016

9.7K
Leveraging CyVerse Resources for De Novo Comparative Transcriptomics of Underserved Non-model Organisms
10:41

Leveraging CyVerse Resources for De Novo Comparative Transcriptomics of Underserved Non-model Organisms

Published on: May 9, 2017

9.7K

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Feb 14, 2026

In Vivo Functional Study of Disease-associated Rare Human Variants Using Drosophila
06:41

In Vivo Functional Study of Disease-associated Rare Human Variants Using Drosophila

Published on: August 20, 2019

14.4K
Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese
08:08

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese

Published on: April 1, 2016

9.7K
Leveraging CyVerse Resources for De Novo Comparative Transcriptomics of Underserved Non-model Organisms
10:41

Leveraging CyVerse Resources for De Novo Comparative Transcriptomics of Underserved Non-model Organisms

Published on: May 9, 2017

9.7K
  • Few-shotのプロンプトは,特に低いトークン予算では,優れたコストパフォーマンスを提供し,RAGは,徴候や症状のような特定のエンティティタイプのリコールを改善しました.

    • 結論:

    • 迅速に最適化された大型言語モデル (LLM) は,生物医学的なNER,特にデータ不足の希少疾患領域において,有効でスケーラブルなソリューションを提供します.
    • GPT-4oは,まれな疾患NER.に対する従来の監督方法の実行可能な代替案です.
    • エラー分析に関するさらなる研究は,より高い精度のためにポスト処理とハイブリッド精製戦略を導くことができます.