医療における自然言語生成: 方法と応用のレビュー
Mengxian Lyu1, Xiaohan Li1, Ziyi Chen1
1Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Journal of biomedical informatics
|February 12, 2026
まとめ
医療における自然言語生成 (NLG) は急速に進歩しており,トランスフォーマーモデルは要約やドキュメントなどのアプリケーションを支配しています. 主な課題は,より広範な採用のために,事実の一貫性とAIの安全性を確保することです.
科学分野:
- 医療情報工学 医療情報工学
- 人工知能 (AI) とは,人工知能 (AI) のことです.
- 自然言語処理 (Natural Language Processing) とは,自然言語処理で処理される言語のことです.
背景:
- 自然言語生成 (NLG) は,医療において,報告書の要約や臨床文書の作成などの作業においてますます重要になっています.
- この分野は著しい成長を遂げ,2018年から2024年まで出版物が急増した.
研究 の 目的:
- 医療分野におけるNLGの方法と応用を体系的に検討する.
- 医療におけるNLGの定量的かつ質的な分析を提供すること.
- 現在のトレンド,支配的なアーキテクチャ,評価メトリック,およびアプリケーション領域を特定します.
主な方法:
- 主要な科学データベース (PubMed,ACM,Web of Scienceなど) で包括的な文献検索が行われました. ) を実施する.
- 2018年から2024年の間に発表された113件の関連する研究論文を分析した.
- 研究は,データモード,モデルアーキテクチャ,評価メトリック,アプリケーションドメインによって分類されました.
主要な成果:
- テキストからテキストへの生成 (65.5%) が最も一般的なデータ方式であり,トランスフォーマーベースのエンコーダー-デコーダーモデルが支配的であった (61.6%).
- ROUGEとBLUEは,自動評価指標として広く使用され,Likertスケールのような人間の評価指標の採用が増加しました.
- 主要なアプリケーションには,要約,臨床文書,医療対話,データ増強などがあります.
結論:
- 医療におけるNLGは,トランスフォーマーベースの大型言語モデル (LLM) と大規模なマルチモデルの臨床データセットにより,著しく進歩しました.
- 継続的な課題には,事実の一貫性,説明性,評価の堅実性,AIの安全性などがあります.
- これらの課題に取り組むことは,NLG技術の臨床実践への統合に不可欠です.
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