子どもの食物アレルギー関連いじめ:混合手法研究から得られた流行率と心理社会的負担
Rita Nocerino1,2,3, Angelica Esposito4, Laura Carucci1,2
1Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
まとめ
食物アレルギー関連いじめ (FARB) は,イタリアの食物アレルギーを持つ子供の3分の1以上に影響を与え,しばしば口頭での侮辱と排除を伴う. これは,統合された学校ベースの反いじめとアレルギー管理戦略の必要性を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 小児アレルギー・免疫学
- 児童心理学と精神医学について
- 公衆衛生と流行病学について
背景:
- 食物アレルギー関連いじめ (FARB) は,アレルゲン曝露による身体的リスクと心理的社会的な害を組み合わせた認識されていない問題です.
- イタリアでのFARBに関するデータは限られており,その流行度や子供への影響に関する研究が必要である.
- この研究は,食物アレルギー (FA) を有するイタリアの学齢期の子供たちの間でFARBを調査することによって,このギャップを埋めています.
研究 の 目的:
- イタリアでFAを患っている子供たちが経験するFARBの流行と特定の形態を決定する.
- FARBを被った子供の体験,感情的影響,対処メカニズムを探求する.
- 学校での介入の改善のための認識されたサポートシステムと改善の分野を特定する.
主な方法:
- イタリアのナポリで,観察的,横断的,混合的な方法の研究が行われました.
- イタリアに適応したOlweus Bully/Victim Questionnaireを用いて,いじめの発生率に関する定量的なデータを収集した.
- 質的データは,半構造面接を通じて収集され,解釈的現象学分析によって分析されました.
主要な成果:
- FAを患った73人の子供の35.6%が前2ヶ月間にいじめを報告し,27.4%がFAを動機として挙げました.
- 言語的侮辱,社会的排斥,噂は,主に教室で発生する,一般的なFARB戦術でした.
- 感情的苦痛,過度の警戒,社会からの撤退が報告され,学校の意識と保護を高めるよう呼びかけられた.
結論:
- FARBは,FAを患っている子供にとって重大な心理的,社会的,身体的な影響を持つ,頻繁で複雑な被害形態です.
- 学校の反いじめ政策にFA管理を統合することは,予防に不可欠です.
- 影響を受ける子どもを保護するために,スタッフの訓練強化と包括的な教育介入が推奨されています.
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