高度な慢性疾患の患者の緩和ケアニーズを早期に特定するためのスクリーニングツール: 更新されたシステマティック・レビュー
Ana Bustamante-Fermosel1,2,3, Agustín Diego Chacón-Moreno4, Laetitia Hennekinne2
1Palliative Care, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor-Virgen de la Torre, 28031 Madrid, Spain.
Journal of clinical medicine
|February 13, 2026
まとめ
早期の緩和ケアが必要な患者を特定することは極めて重要です. AIベースのスクリーニングツールを含む現在のスクリーニングツールには,死亡率を超えた緩和ケアニーズを予測する能力が限られており,改善された方法が必要です.
科学分野:
- 緩和ケア医療 緩和ケア医療 緩和ケア医療
- 医療情報工学 医療情報工学
- バイオ統計学 バイオ統計学
背景:
- 早期の緩和医療は,進行した疾患の治療結果を改善します.
- 主なメリットは,症状の緩和,生活の質の向上,医療費の削減などです.
- 効果的な介入のためには,患者の早期発見が不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 早期緩和ケアを受ける資格のある患者を特定するためのツールを体系的に検討し,評価する.
- 従来的に開発されたスクリーニング機器と人工知能 (AI) ベースのスクリーニング機器の両方を評価する.
- 既存のスクリーニング方法の有効性を評価する.
主な方法:
- 6つの電子データベースの体系的なレビュー (2000年-2025年).
- 大人の緩和ケアニーズに対するスクリーニング・インstrumentを記述または評価する研究を含める.
- 二重審査員によるスクリーニングとデータ抽出.
主要な成果:
- 対象となった研究は35件,ツール開発は13件,外部検証は22件でした.
- 9つのツールは伝統的に開発され,4つのツールはAIを使用しています.
- デザインの多様性;ほとんどのツールは,心理的社会的な側面を無視して,死亡率の予測に焦点を当てています.
- ツール全体で観測された適度な予測能力.
結論:
- 現在のスクリーニングツールは,進行した疾患と緩和ケアを必要とする患者を特定する能力が限られています.
- 標準化されたスクリーニングプロセスの必要性 死亡率だけでなく,疾患の軌跡と機能的衰退に対処する.
- 予測能力と総合的な評価を強化するためにさらなる研究が必要です.
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