術後神経認知障害:病理生理学,予防,管理戦略のナラティブレビュー
Daniele Salvatore Paternò1, Luigi La Via2, Antonio Putaggio1
1Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, "Giovanni Paolo II" Hospital, 97100 Ragusa, Italy.
Journal of clinical medicine
|February 13, 2026
まとめ
術後の神経認知障害 (PND) は,年配の外科患者に多く見られます. 多成分非薬理学的介入は,妄想を効果的に軽減しますが,ターゲットを絞った治療法についてはさらなる研究が必要です.
科学分野:
- ゲロントロジーはゲロントロジーの学科です.
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- アネステシオロジー アネステシオロジー
背景:
- 術後の神経認知障害 (PND) は,高齢の外科患者の10~50%に影響します.
- PNDは,罹病率,死亡率,および医療費を増加させます.
- PNDのメカニズムと介入は完全に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- PNDの病理生理学,危険因子,管理に関する証拠を統合する.
- PNDの疫学,メカニズム,評価,介入に関する現在の文献をレビューする.
主な方法:
- ピアレビューされた出版物の包括的な文献レビュー.
- 2025年までの研究のための主要なデータベースを検索し,体系的なレビュー,メタ解析,臨床試験を強調しました.
主要な成果:
- PNDは,神経炎症,神経伝達物質の不均衡,血脳障壁の機能不全など,多因性の病因性があります.
- 高齢,既にある認知障害,外科的要因が主なリスクである.
- 非薬理学的介入は,妄想を30~40%減らす;薬理学的予防は,より効果的ではない.
- PNDは,加速された長期的な認知機能低下と認知症のリスクに関連しています.
結論:
- PNDは,高齢化している外科の集団において重要な課題です.
- 術後のケアに,エビデンスに基づく多要素介入を統合する.
- 将来の研究は,妄想と慢性認知障害を結びつけるメカニズムをターゲットにすべきです.
関連する概念動画
Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention
3.6K
Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed....
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed....
3.6K
Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
2.0K
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
2.0K
Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders
797
Treatment approaches for psychological disorders fall into three main categories: psychological, biological, and sociocultural. Each approach targets different aspects of mental health, requiring varying levels of education and training.
Psychological therapies focus on modifying emotions, thoughts, and behaviors through talking, interpreting, listening, rewarding, challenging, and modeling. Clinical psychologists, counselors, and social workers commonly practice psychotherapy. Clinical...
Psychological therapies focus on modifying emotions, thoughts, and behaviors through talking, interpreting, listening, rewarding, challenging, and modeling. Clinical psychologists, counselors, and social workers commonly practice psychotherapy. Clinical...
797
Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques II
539
Personality types, particularly Type A and Type B, significantly influence how individuals respond to stress. These personality distinctions are marked by varying levels of ambition, competitiveness, and coping styles, all of which shape an individual's resilience to stressors.
Type A Personality: Driven and Easily Stressed
Individuals with Type A personalities are often highly competitive and ambitious and operate with a strong sense of urgency. Commonly labeled as...
Type A Personality: Driven and Easily Stressed
Individuals with Type A personalities are often highly competitive and ambitious and operate with a strong sense of urgency. Commonly labeled as...
539
Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques I
344
Stress prevention and management are crucial for maintaining well-being and building resilience. Techniques to manage stress include cultivating qualities like conscientiousness, a sense of personal control, and self-efficacy. Each of these traits significantly reduces stress and promotes healthier lifestyle choices and outcomes.
Conscientiousness
Conscientious individuals tend to be organized, responsible, and disciplined. They prioritize completing tasks and following structured routines,...
Conscientiousness
Conscientious individuals tend to be organized, responsible, and disciplined. They prioritize completing tasks and following structured routines,...
344
Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques V
302
A social support system is a structured network of personal relationships that provides assistance to individuals facing various challenges, offering a buffer against psychological and physical stressors. This network may consist of family members, friends, neighbors, colleagues, or other community members who provide resources and companionship. Social support can take many forms, including advice, emotional comfort, practical help, and companionship. Research indicates that these networks can...
302


